Questions and Answers
What layer of the OSI Model does a router operate on?
What primary function does a router perform in a network?
Which of the following is not a role of Layer 2 switches?
What technology is used by Layer 2 switches to isolate network planes?
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What is one advantage of Layer 3 switches compared to routers?
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What is a disadvantage of using only routers in a large network?
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What type of switches is commonly used for forwarding electrical signals?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding Layer 3 switches?
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What primary function do Layer 3 switches fulfill in the network model?
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What is the main role of a Network Interface Card (NIC)?
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Why is a virtual network necessary?
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What is the function of a bridge in a network?
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What is the primary benefit of using NAT in a private network?
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How does NAT function in a virtual network?
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What capability does Open vSwitch (OVS) provide?
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What is the purpose of virtual switches in network virtualization?
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Which technology is utilized by Enhanced vSwitch (EVS) to improve I/O performance?
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Which NIC speed rates are commonly supported?
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What role does a Distributed Virtual Switch (DVS) play in a virtual environment?
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What key problem is addressed by network virtualization?
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Which statement best describes a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)?
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What is a significant advantage of using virtual switches over traditional switches?
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What is the main advantage of using microservices over a monolithic application?
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How does the processing mode differ between OVS and EVS?
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How do containers differ from Virtual Machines (VMs) in terms of resources?
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What common feature is associated with virtual switches like OVS and EVS?
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What characterizes a container image?
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What is a significant drawback of using VMs compared to containers?
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What service allows enterprises to manage containerized applications in the cloud?
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Which of the following statements about VMs is true?
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Which feature of CCE enables performance optimization?
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What is a key characteristic of containerized applications?
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What is the primary advantage of object storage over file storage?
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Which type of storage is ideal for mission-critical applications like databases?
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What protocol is commonly used for file sharing between UNIX operating systems?
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Which storage type utilizes application-level APIs instead of system-level APIs?
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What is a significant disadvantage of file storage when managing a large number of files?
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Which storage type is best for scenarios requiring data sharing among multiple compute nodes?
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Which storage type generally has petabyte-level capacity?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of block storage?
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Study Notes
Microservices and Containers
- Microservices are independent units that can be deployed and managed separately, enhancing application flexibility.
- Containers offer an abstraction at the application layer, packaging code and dependencies for efficient application performance.
- Multiple containers can coexist on the same server using a shared OS kernel, enabling better resource utilization.
- Containers occupy less space than Virtual Machines (VMs), process more applications, and require lower CPU and memory.
Virtual Machines (VMs)
- VMs virtualize physical hardware, allowing a single server to run multiple isolated VMs.
- Each VM operates with its own OS, applications, and binaries, consuming significant storage (tens of GB).
- VM startup speed tends to be slower compared to containers.
- VM images can be hundreds of MB in size, as they include the entire operating environment.
Cloud Container Engine (CCE)
- Huawei Cloud's CCE is a high-performance and reliable service for managing containerized applications.
- It supports Kubernetes for seamless container runtime environment setup in the cloud.
- CCE Turbo clusters enhance compute, network, and scheduling efficiency on cloud-native infrastructure.
Networking Devices
Routers
- Operate at the network layer (Layer 3 OSI Model), facilitating packet forwarding and routing between networks.
- Capable of determining network addresses and selecting IP routes, enhancing interconnectivity.
Layer 2 Switches
- Forward electrical signals among nodes, establishing dedicated communication paths.
- Use VLANs to isolate network traffic and maintain effective communication in local area networks (LANs).
Layer 3 Switches
- Facilitate routing and switching within large LANs, managing communications across multiple VLANs.
- Offer higher processing speeds for Layer 2 packets, making them cost-effective alternatives to traditional routers.
Network Interface Cards (NICs)
- Essential for connecting devices, NICs facilitate communication across networks.
- Common speed ratings include 100 Mbit/s, 1 Gbit/s, and 10 Gbit/s, contributing to enhanced network performance.
Virtual Networks and Bridging
- Virtual networks isolate IP address ranges in environments with multiple VMs, requiring shared physical NIC access.
- Bridges and Network Address Translation (NAT) forward traffic from VMs to physical NICs, enabling communication with external networks.
- Virtual switches create internal network traffic paths while isolating collision domains.
Types of Virtual Switches
- Open vSwitch (OVS): Open-source virtual switch supporting multiple protocols and allowing traffic transmission between VMs.
- Enhanced vSwitch (EVS): Builds upon OVS, improving I/O performance through user-mode data processing with Intel DPDK technology.
- Distributed Virtual Switch (DVS): Connects VMs to external networks, reducing network devices and simplifying architecture.
Storage Types
Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
- A private and isolated virtual network offering enhanced security on HUAWEI CLOUD.
Storage Options
- Block Storage: Requires formatting to create a file system; offers low latency, ideal for mission-critical applications.
- File Storage: Utilizes protocols like NFS for UNIX and CIFS for Windows, effective for shared data scenarios across compute nodes.
- Object Storage: Provides flat data structure management for high volume, maintaining search speed regardless of object quantity.
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Description
Explore the core concepts of microservices architecture including its loosely coupled, distributed nature and the importance of containers. Understand how applications can be managed as individual units to optimize resource utilization and performance. This quiz will test your knowledge on the fundamentals of modern application deployment.
