Microservices Architecture Overview
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Questions and Answers

What layer of the OSI Model does a router operate on?

  • Seventh layer
  • Fifth layer
  • First layer
  • Third layer (correct)

    • What primary function does a router perform in a network?

  • Forwards packets between different networks (correct)
  • Initiates communication sessions
  • Amplifies signal strength
  • Encrypts data packets

    • Which of the following is not a role of Layer 2 switches?

  • Providing multiple ports for connections
  • Forwarding electrical signals
  • Establishing exclusive electrical signal routes
  • Routing between different subnets (correct)

    • What technology is used by Layer 2 switches to isolate network planes?

    <p>VLANs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of Layer 3 switches compared to routers?

    <p>Higher routing speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using only routers in a large network?

    <p>Limited port quantity and slower routing speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of switches is commonly used for forwarding electrical signals?

    <p>Layer 2 switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding Layer 3 switches?

    <p>They handle both routing and Layer 2 packet processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary function do Layer 3 switches fulfill in the network model?

    <p>They replace traditional routers and enhance switching speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of a Network Interface Card (NIC)?

    <p>To connect different devices for communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a virtual network necessary?

    <p>To allow VMs with different IP addresses to communicate and access external networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a bridge in a network?

    <p>To connect different physical LANs at the data link layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using NAT in a private network?

    <p>It avoids the lack of IP addresses and protects against external attacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does NAT function in a virtual network?

    <p>By translating network addresses and forwarding traffic to external networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What capability does Open vSwitch (OVS) provide?

    <p>Transmits traffic between VMs and external networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of virtual switches in network virtualization?

    <p>To map virtual NICs of VMs to physical NICs for network access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology is utilized by Enhanced vSwitch (EVS) to improve I/O performance?

    <p>Intel DPDK technology and user-mode processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which NIC speed rates are commonly supported?

    <p>100 Mbit/s, 1 Gbit/s, and 10 Gbit/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a Distributed Virtual Switch (DVS) play in a virtual environment?

    <p>It connects virtual machines to the physical NIC of the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key problem is addressed by network virtualization?

    <p>How to effectively map virtual NICs to physical NICs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)?

    <p>It refers to a private and isolated virtual network on HUAWEI CLOUD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of using virtual switches over traditional switches?

    <p>They simplify network architecture and reduce devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using microservices over a monolithic application?

    <p>Easier independent deployment and management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the processing mode differ between OVS and EVS?

    <p>OVS processes data in kernel mode; EVS processes in user mode.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do containers differ from Virtual Machines (VMs) in terms of resources?

    <p>Containers can run on a shared OS kernel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common feature is associated with virtual switches like OVS and EVS?

    <p>They support multiple standards and protocols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a container image?

    <p>It is dedicated to running a specific service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant drawback of using VMs compared to containers?

    <p>VMs consume more disk space and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What service allows enterprises to manage containerized applications in the cloud?

    <p>Cloud Container Engine (CCE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about VMs is true?

    <p>They provide an abstraction of physical hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of CCE enables performance optimization?

    <p>It runs on cloud native 2.0 infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of containerized applications?

    <p>They can be managed independently from one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of object storage over file storage?

    <p>Large-scale data management capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of storage is ideal for mission-critical applications like databases?

    <p>Block Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protocol is commonly used for file sharing between UNIX operating systems?

    <p>Network File System (NFS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which storage type utilizes application-level APIs instead of system-level APIs?

    <p>Object Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant disadvantage of file storage when managing a large number of files?

    <p>Reduced search performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which storage type is best for scenarios requiring data sharing among multiple compute nodes?

    <p>File Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which storage type generally has petabyte-level capacity?

    <p>File Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of block storage?

    <p>Has the highest latency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Microservices and Containers

    • Microservices are independent units that can be deployed and managed separately, enhancing application flexibility.
    • Containers offer an abstraction at the application layer, packaging code and dependencies for efficient application performance.
    • Multiple containers can coexist on the same server using a shared OS kernel, enabling better resource utilization.
    • Containers occupy less space than Virtual Machines (VMs), process more applications, and require lower CPU and memory.

    Virtual Machines (VMs)

    • VMs virtualize physical hardware, allowing a single server to run multiple isolated VMs.
    • Each VM operates with its own OS, applications, and binaries, consuming significant storage (tens of GB).
    • VM startup speed tends to be slower compared to containers.
    • VM images can be hundreds of MB in size, as they include the entire operating environment.

    Cloud Container Engine (CCE)

    • Huawei Cloud's CCE is a high-performance and reliable service for managing containerized applications.
    • It supports Kubernetes for seamless container runtime environment setup in the cloud.
    • CCE Turbo clusters enhance compute, network, and scheduling efficiency on cloud-native infrastructure.

    Networking Devices

    Routers

    • Operate at the network layer (Layer 3 OSI Model), facilitating packet forwarding and routing between networks.
    • Capable of determining network addresses and selecting IP routes, enhancing interconnectivity.

    Layer 2 Switches

    • Forward electrical signals among nodes, establishing dedicated communication paths.
    • Use VLANs to isolate network traffic and maintain effective communication in local area networks (LANs).

    Layer 3 Switches

    • Facilitate routing and switching within large LANs, managing communications across multiple VLANs.
    • Offer higher processing speeds for Layer 2 packets, making them cost-effective alternatives to traditional routers.

    Network Interface Cards (NICs)

    • Essential for connecting devices, NICs facilitate communication across networks.
    • Common speed ratings include 100 Mbit/s, 1 Gbit/s, and 10 Gbit/s, contributing to enhanced network performance.

    Virtual Networks and Bridging

    • Virtual networks isolate IP address ranges in environments with multiple VMs, requiring shared physical NIC access.
    • Bridges and Network Address Translation (NAT) forward traffic from VMs to physical NICs, enabling communication with external networks.
    • Virtual switches create internal network traffic paths while isolating collision domains.

    Types of Virtual Switches

    • Open vSwitch (OVS): Open-source virtual switch supporting multiple protocols and allowing traffic transmission between VMs.
    • Enhanced vSwitch (EVS): Builds upon OVS, improving I/O performance through user-mode data processing with Intel DPDK technology.
    • Distributed Virtual Switch (DVS): Connects VMs to external networks, reducing network devices and simplifying architecture.

    Storage Types

    Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)

    • A private and isolated virtual network offering enhanced security on HUAWEI CLOUD.

    Storage Options

    • Block Storage: Requires formatting to create a file system; offers low latency, ideal for mission-critical applications.
    • File Storage: Utilizes protocols like NFS for UNIX and CIFS for Windows, effective for shared data scenarios across compute nodes.
    • Object Storage: Provides flat data structure management for high volume, maintaining search speed regardless of object quantity.

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    Description

    Explore the core concepts of microservices architecture including its loosely coupled, distributed nature and the importance of containers. Understand how applications can be managed as individual units to optimize resource utilization and performance. This quiz will test your knowledge on the fundamentals of modern application deployment.

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