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Questions and Answers
Who commissioned a microscopic investigation of the natural world?
Who commissioned a microscopic investigation of the natural world?
King Charles II of England
What did Robert Hooke discover when he examined thin slices of cork?
What did Robert Hooke discover when he examined thin slices of cork?
He discovered boxes and called them cellulae.
Which of the following did the Dutch Naturalist first observe with his microscopes?
Which of the following did the Dutch Naturalist first observe with his microscopes?
- Cell membranes
- Protozoa (correct)
- Animalcules (correct)
- Spermatozoa
What did the Scottish Botanist refer to as the center of a cell?
What did the Scottish Botanist refer to as the center of a cell?
Who co-founded the Cell Theory?
Who co-founded the Cell Theory?
What is the physical biological membrane according to the American biologist?
What is the physical biological membrane according to the American biologist?
According to the endosymbiotic theory, modern-day mitochondria and chloroplasts are descendants of what?
According to the endosymbiotic theory, modern-day mitochondria and chloroplasts are descendants of what?
Flagella are hairlike structures that act primarily as an organelle of ______ in the cells of many living organisms.
Flagella are hairlike structures that act primarily as an organelle of ______ in the cells of many living organisms.
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Study Notes
Key Figures in Microscopic Investigation
- King Charles II of England commissioned studies into the natural world's microscopic aspects, particularly focusing on insects.
- Robert Hooke, an English botanist, utilized a compound microscope to examine thin cork slices and discovered "cellulae," which are now known as cells.
Contributions to Cell Biology
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch naturalist, observed "animalcules" in 1674, which are recognized today as protozoa and bacteria.
- Significant discoveries attributed to Leeuwenhoek include:
- Bacteria
- Protozoa
- Spermatozoa from insects and humans
- Nematodes and rotifers
Development of Cell Theory
- Robert Brown, a Scottish botanist, identified the nucleus as a central part of the cell.
- Theodor Schwann, a German botanist, co-founded the cell theory, asserting cells are the fundamental units of life.
- Rudolf Virchow, a German pathologist, contributed to cell theory by defining cells as the basic unit of animal structure and supporting the idea that cells originate from existing cells.
Advances in Cell Membrane Research
- A prominent American biologist contributed to understanding the cell membrane, classifying it as a physical biological membrane rather than just an interface.
Endosymbiotic Theory
- Lynn Margulis revolutionized the endosymbiotic theory, stating that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from ancient bacteria-like organisms that lived in prokaryotic cells billions of years ago.
Microscopic Structures and Functions
- Cells often contain hair-like structures called flagella responsible for locomotion across various living organisms, highlighting the complexity of cellular structures.
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