Microscope Inventions History Quiz

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Who reportedly put two lenses together in 1590, giving a magnification of up to 30x?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Johannes Gutenberg
Robert Hooke
Zacharias Janssen (correct)

What was the magnification of Robert Hooke's compound microscope in the 1660s?

300x
100x
200x (correct)
50x

Which scientist was the first to use the term 'cell' to describe the organization of life?

Robert Hooke (correct)
Johannes Gutenberg
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Zacharias Janssen

What type of light did Robert Hooke's microscope utilize?

Reflected light (C) Signup and view all the answers

How did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's single lens microscope use light?

Transmitted light (B) Signup and view all the answers

What were specimens in Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's microscope commonly placed in for observation?

<code>Wet cultures</code> (C) Signup and view all the answers

What did Agostino Bassi definitively link to molds in the 1840s?

Silkworm disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

What solution did Ignaz Semmelweis require birthing attendants to wash their hands in?

Mild bleach solution (A) Signup and view all the answers

What substance did Joseph Lister mandate surgical instruments to be soaked in?

Carbolic acid (phenol) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Who demonstrated an unequivocal link between a microbe and a disease using cattle and Bacillus anthracis?

Robert Koch (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are Koch's postulates primarily used for in the biomedical field?

Establishing the microbe/disease link (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of Needham's experiment involving infusoria in a flask of water?

To prove that spontaneous generation was still possible. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was Edward Jenner's contribution to immunology?

He found that cow pox exposure can prevent small pox infection. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant procedural change made by Lazzaro Spallanzani in his experiment compared to John Needham's experiment?

Pouring infusoria-laden broth into sealed flasks before boiling (C) Signup and view all the answers

What did Pasteur discover about bacteria and virulence?

Old bacteria lose their virulence while retaining the ability to cause disease. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why was Edward Jenner's treatment of a boy with a weakened rabies virus significant?

It proved that weakened viruses can be effective in inducing immunity. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was John Needham's argument regarding the importance of boiling the infusion in relation to the elan vitale?

Exposure to air was necessary to develop the elan vitale. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the experiments by Redi, Needham, and Spallanzani, what was the main conclusion drawn by Lazzaro Spallanzani?

Sealed flasks prevent the appearance of infusoria. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why some people resisted the germ theory of disease?

It was based on philosophical reasons related to God's role. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How did Spallanzani's experimental results challenge John Needham's argument about the role of boiling in bringing about infusoria?

Spallanzani illustrated that pouring before boiling eliminated infusoria. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it mentioned that manipulating the immune system is not entirely risk-free?

To emphasize the potential side effects of vaccines. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, why did Redi, Needham, and Spallanzani conduct experiments involving infusoria?

To investigate theories related to spontaneous generation. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What false claim was made regarding the MMR vaccine?

It was associated with childhood autism. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are some ways bacteria achieve resistance to antibiotics?

Degrade or alter the antibiotic (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which technique has become the most accurate and efficient in identifying the presence of particular microbes?

DNA sequencing (C) Signup and view all the answers

Who were involved in the establishment of biotechnology through cloning using plasmids in the late 1960s?

Paul Berg (A) Signup and view all the answers

In microbiology, what does RFLP stand for?

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated ratio of bacterial cells to human cells in multicellular organisms like humans?

10 bacterial cells for every human cell (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which two scientists were involved in the creation of biotech-generated human growth hormone and insulin in 1973?

Boyer and Cohen (A) Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the first compound microscope?

Zacharias Janssen is credited with combining two lenses in 1590 to create a microscope with up to 30x magnification.

What was the magnification of Hooke's microscope?

Robert Hooke's compound microscope in the 1660s achieved 200x magnification, a significant improvement over earlier models.

Who coined the term 'cell'?

Robert Hooke coined the term 'cell' to describe the basic unit of life after observing cork cells under his microscope.

What type of light did Hooke's microscope use?

Robert Hooke's microscope utilized reflected light, which meant it bounced off the sample to create an image.