29 Questions
Why do humans see chlorophyll as green?
Chlorophyll reflects green light, which is why humans see it as green.
What are the two main types of chlorophyll?
The two main types of chlorophyll are blue-green and yellow-green.
What is the difference between ADP and ATP in terms of energy?
ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is energy-poor, while ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is energy-rich.
What are the two main types of cellular respiration?
The two main types of cellular respiration are aerobic respiration (with oxygen) and anaerobic respiration (without oxygen).
What is the first step of anaerobic respiration, and what does it produce?
The first step of anaerobic respiration is glycolysis, which breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate and produces 2 ATP.
Where does the light-independent stage of photosynthesis occur within the chloroplast?
The light-independent stage of photosynthesis occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.
What is the name of the light-independent stage of photosynthesis?
The light-independent stage of photosynthesis is also called the dark reaction or the Calvin cycle.
What is the role of ATP produced during the light-dependent stage in the light-independent stage?
The light-formed ATP is required as an energy source for the light-independent stage of photosynthesis.
What is the main function of chloroplasts in plants and algae?
Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis in plants and algae.
What is the role of chlorophyll in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast?
Chlorophyll molecules in the thylakoid membranes capture the light energy from the sun to power the photosynthesis process.
Why does chlorophyll appear green to our eyes?
Chlorophyll is able to absorb all the colors of the visible spectrum except green, which it reflects, making it appear green to our eyes.
What is the main function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?
The phospholipid bilayer forms the structural basis of the cell membrane, separating the intracellular and extracellular environments.
What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane of animal cells?
Cholesterol helps to regulate the fluidity of the cell membrane in animal cells.
Distinguish between integral and peripheral membrane proteins.
Integral membrane proteins are embedded within the phospholipid bilayer and are exposed to the aqueous environment on both sides, while peripheral membrane proteins are located on the surface of the membrane.
What are the two main types of transport proteins found in the cell membrane?
The two main types of transport proteins are carrier proteins (transporters) and channel proteins.
Give an example of a carrier protein and its function.
An example of a carrier protein is the glucose transporter, which facilitates the movement of glucose across the cell membrane.
How do channel proteins contribute to the transport of substances across the cell membrane?
Channel proteins form channels or pores in the membrane, allowing specific ions or molecules to move through by passive diffusion.
What are the two main methods used to capture images, according to the text?
Digital camera and computer
How are black and white images described in the text?
Black and white images which can be changed to colour
Define the term 'resolution' in the context of microscopy.
The smallest distance between two points that can be distinguished separately.
What is the purpose of staining in microscopy, according to the text?
Staining helps to highlight the structure of cells, tissues, and microorganisms; making them more visible and easier to study under the microscope.
Explain the concept of 'differentiation' in relation to staining.
Different stains react differently with different cellular structures, allowing scientists to distinguish between different types of cells or tissues.
What is one of the applications of staining mentioned in the text?
Used to identify specific microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi.
What is the total number of ATP molecules produced during cellular respiration?
36 ATP
What are the two ways in which energy can be produced without oxygen?
Alcohol fermentation and lactic acid formation
What is the word equation for alcohol fermentation?
Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + adenosine triphosphate
What is the purpose of conducting a practical investigation to model the action of enzymes in cells?
To investigate the effects of the environment on enzyme activity through the collection of primary or secondary data
What is a catalyst, in the context of enzymes?
A substance that increases the rate of reaction without being consumed by the reaction
What are the two processes mentioned in the text where enzymes play a role?
Synthesis and digestion
Explore the world of microscope imaging techniques, including capturing images with a digital camera and computer, converting black and white images to color, magnification, resolution, staining, and enhanced visualization. Learn about microscope parts and how to enhance visualizations for better analysis.
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