Podcast
Questions and Answers
Catkin is an elongated inflorescence of ______ flowers
Catkin is an elongated inflorescence of ______ flowers
unisexual
The head is a dense inflorescence of small or stalkless ______
The head is a dense inflorescence of small or stalkless ______
flowers
The stem is the essential part of the plant's structure that provides support and stability. It is composed of 3 main tissue systems namely: dermal, ground, and ______ tissue
The stem is the essential part of the plant's structure that provides support and stability. It is composed of 3 main tissue systems namely: dermal, ground, and ______ tissue
vascular
The dermal (epidermis) tissue system serves as the protective barrier in the plant against the external ______
The dermal (epidermis) tissue system serves as the protective barrier in the plant against the external ______
Signup and view all the answers
Vascular tissue system is responsible for the transport of water, minerals, and other ______
Vascular tissue system is responsible for the transport of water, minerals, and other ______
Signup and view all the answers
Ground tissue system is most abundant tissue system. It is responsible for photosynthesis, storage, and ______
Ground tissue system is most abundant tissue system. It is responsible for photosynthesis, storage, and ______
Signup and view all the answers
The cortex is located between the epidermis and the vascular tissue while the pith is located in the center of the stem, after the vascular ______
The cortex is located between the epidermis and the vascular tissue while the pith is located in the center of the stem, after the vascular ______
Signup and view all the answers
Mitosis is the process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and produces two identical daughter ______
Mitosis is the process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and produces two identical daughter ______
Signup and view all the answers
Greek word “mitos” means “warp ______”
Greek word “mitos” means “warp ______”
Signup and view all the answers
Proliferation is the process that causes an increase in the number of cells in a given area and time. It involves a. Prophase - Chromosomes supercoil. Fibers of the spindle apparatus begin to form between centrosomes located at the pole of the cells. Nuclear membrane ______
Proliferation is the process that causes an increase in the number of cells in a given area and time. It involves a. Prophase - Chromosomes supercoil. Fibers of the spindle apparatus begin to form between centrosomes located at the pole of the cells. Nuclear membrane ______
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Parts and Components of a Microscope
- A microscope magnifies small objects, enabling observation at the cellular level.
- Allows visualization of cell structures like nuclei, mitochondria, and organelles.
External Structure of the Leaf
- Leaves are flattened green outgrowths from the stem of vascular plants.
- Composed of:
- Blade: the broad part of the leaf.
- Leaf-stalk (Petiole): connects blade to stem in dicots; called leaf-sheath in monocots.
- Sessile Leaves: lack a petiole; include various classifications based on leaf-base attachment.
Types of Sessile Leaves
- Amplexicaul: leaf base clasps the stem.
- Perfoliate: lobes meet around the stem, appearing pierced.
- Decurrent: lower edges extend down the stem.
- Sheathing: blade base encircles the stem.
Compound Leaves
- Comprised of leaflets attached to petiolules, with a central rachis.
-
Types:
-
Pinnate: leaflets arranged along a main stalk.
- Simple: unbranched with a double row of leaflets.
- Twice Pinnate: leaflets arranged on branches off the rachis.
- Simple Palmate: leaflets attach at the tip of the petiole; ternate has three leaflets.
-
Pinnate: leaflets arranged along a main stalk.
Leaf Arrangement (Phyllotaxy)
- Alternate: one leaf per node; alternate sides.
- Opposite: two leaves per node, one on each side.
- Fasciculate: multiple leaves arise from a single node on the same side.
- Whorled: three or more leaves arranged around the stem at one node.
- Decussate: pairs of opposite leaves oriented at right angles.
- Secund: all leaves inclined to one side.
Venation
- Adaxial Surface: upper surface of the leaf.
- Abaxial Surface: lower surface of the leaf.
- Veinlets: ultimate divisions of leaf veins.
Floral Structure
- Staminate Flowers: contain only male parts.
- Pistillate Flowers: contain only female parts.
- Corolla: petals fused together in flowers.
- Sepals: protective outer parts before flowering, fused forms a calyx.
- Perianth: combined sepals and petals; indistinct forms are tepals.
- Bract: green leaves beneath the sepals.
- Pedicels: flower stems; the receptacle is where flowers attach.
Classification of Flowers
- Complete Flower: possesses all four organs (stamen, pistil, petals, sepals).
- Perfect Flower: includes both stamens and pistils.
- Imperfect Flower: contains only one essential organ (either staminate or pistillate).
- Incomplete Flower: lacks one or more organs.
Flower Symmetry
- Regular Flower: symmetric upon dissection.
- Irregular Flower: asymmetrical petals and sepals.
Plant Sexuality
- Monoecious: same plant bears both staminate and pistillate flowers (e.g., corn).
- Dioecious: staminate and pistillate flowers found on separate plants (e.g., papaya).
- Polygamous: contains both perfect and unisexual flowers on the same plant.
Coalescence of Parts
- Cohesion: union of similar parts (e.g., synandry for stamens).
- Adhesion: union of dissimilar parts, such as epipetaly where stamens attach to corolla.
Types of Inflorescence
- Peduncle: main stem of the inflorescence.
- Pedicels: branch from the peduncle to support individual flowers.
-
Types:
- Spike: unbranched with stemless florets.
- Raceme: unbranched with florets on short pedicels.
- Panicle: loosely branched, pyramidal structure.
- Corymb: flat-topped, blooms from outside edges.
- Cyme: center flower opens first in a flat-topped arrangement.
- Umbel: shaped like an inverted umbrella with pedicels from one point.
- Spadix: fleshy spike surrounded by a colorful bract (spathe).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge about the parts and components of a microscope, as well as the external structure of a leaf. Learn about the magnification process and the anatomy of leaves.
