Microprocessors Overview and History
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Questions and Answers

What key feature was introduced with the 80286 processor?

  • Integrated floating-point unit (FPU)
  • Flat 32-bit memory model
  • Segmented memory management unit (MMU) (correct)
  • Onboard graphics capabilities

    • Which math coprocessor is compatible with the 80186 and 80188 processors?

  • 80487
  • 8087 (correct)
  • 80287
  • 80387

    • What processor introduced the flat 32-bit memory model with paged memory management?

  • 8086
  • 80486
  • 80386 (correct)
  • 80286

    • What was a characteristic of the 80486DX version of the processor?

    <p>It had an integrated floating-point unit (FPU).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason the 80186 and 80188 were not used in IBM-compatible PCs?

    <p>Their built-in peripherals were incompatible with the IBM design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a microprocessor?

    <p>To accept digital data, process it, and provide output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the integration of microprocessors impact the cost of processing power?

    <p>It dramatically reduced costs due to mass production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology did 'The Apollo Guidance Computer' utilize?

    <p>A gate array with three-input NOR gates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the internal functioning of a microprocessor?

    <p>It operates solely on binary data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant limitation of early computer processors before the advent of microprocessors?

    <p>Reduced speed of processing due to distance between components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following applications is NOT typically associated with general-purpose microprocessors in personal computers?

    <p>Real-time embedded systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does a single-chip microprocessor have over older designs with multiple ICs?

    <p>Improved reliability due to fewer electrical connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did Intel market the 8008 as the first 8-bit microprocessor?

    <p>1972</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microprocessor arrived too late and was considered slow?

    <p>Intel 8008</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a notable feature of the Zilog Z80 that contributed to its success?

    <p>Built-in memory refresh circuitry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What device used the MOS Technology 6510 processor?

    <p>Commodore 64</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microprocessor was released first: the Motorola 6800 or the MOS Technology 6502?

    <p>Motorola 6800</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What performance did the Intel 8008 achieve regarding instructions per second?

    <p>50,000 instructions per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microprocessor was designed by the same team as the Motorola 6800?

    <p>MOS Technology 6502</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant technological advancement was introduced with the CMOS 65C02 in 1982?

    <p>It was used in various consumer devices and medical devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributed to the acceleration of the home computer revolution in the early 1980s?

    <p>Low overall cost and simple bus requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the clock speed of the Intel 8008 microprocessor?

    <p>500KHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microprocessor design was first commercially used in the Apple I microcomputer?

    <p>6502</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following home computers utilized the 6502 microprocessor?

    <p>Commodore 64</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the variant of the 6502 used in the Atari 2600?

    <p>6507</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which processor was used in the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES)?

    <p>2A03</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which decade did the licensing of microprocessor designs first become prominent?

    <p>1990s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the function of the additional on-die hardware in the NES processor?

    <p>Sound generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these products was developed using the 6500 family of processors?

    <p>Commodore 1541</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What made the 6507 variant of the 6502 different in terms of memory addressing?

    <p>It could only address 8 KB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was the MC6809 microprocessor introduced?

    <p>1978</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component was not associated with the 6502 microprocessor family?

    <p>Motorola 68000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of U.S. Patent 4,074,351?

    <p>It was awarded for the computer-on-a-chip concept.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which companies entered into broad patent cross-licensing agreements in the 1970s?

    <p>Intel and TI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The TMS1000 is recognized for being what type of IC?

    <p>The first microprocessor with ROM and RAM on-chip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the individuals credited with the microcomputer patent?

    <p>Gary Boone and Michael J. Cochran</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main product of Pico Electronics during its collaboration with General Instrument?

    <p>Integrated circuits for calculators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major market for semiconductors during the 1970s?

    <p>Calculators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary objective of the design engineers who formed Pico Electronics?

    <p>To create single chip calculator ICs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The layout for the PMOS process for microchips was significant due to what factor?

    <p>It required hand-drawing at a 500x scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'microcomputer' refer to in its standard meaning?

    <p>A computer using one or more microprocessors as its CPU.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Microprocessor Overview

    • A microprocessor incorporates a computer's central processing unit (CPU) onto a single integrated circuit (IC).
    • It's a programmable device accepting digital input, processing it based on stored instructions, and outputting results.
    • Microprocessors use the binary numeral system.
    • Advancements in low-cost computers have transformed modern society, enabling computation, text editing, multimedia, and internet communication.
    • Microprocessors are crucial components in embedded systems for digital control and industrial processes.

    History of Microprocessors

    • In the 1960s, computer processors were built from individual integrated circuits (ICs).
    • The number of discrete logical gates used, and the distance signals needed to travel, resulted in slower and less efficient processors.
    • An example is the Apollo Guidance Computer used in NASA Apollo space missions. It utilized a gate array built specifically for its purpose.
    • The integration of a whole CPU into a single chip significantly decreased production costs due to high automation and fewer connections.

    Early Microprocessors

    • Early microprocessors, emerging in the early 1970s, were primarily used in electronic calculators.

    • The Intel 4004, introduced in 1971, is often cited as the first commercially available microprocessor, costing $60.

    • It contained 2300 transistors and operated at 740KHz, capable of about 60,000 instructions per second.

    • Other early projects delivered similar microprocessors around the same time, such as the Garrett AiResearch's Central Air Data Computer (CADC) and the Texas Instruments TMS 1000.

    Embedded Applications

    • Thousands of items, not traditionally considered computer-related, utilize microprocessors in their operation.

    • These include appliances, cars, tools, and various other consumer and industrial devices.

    • Microprocessors are essential for implementing stringent emission control requirements in modern automobiles as they allow for efficient control over a wide range of operating conditions.

    • Microprocessor control programs can be easily adjusted for diverse needs within a product line, minimizing redesign costs.

    Further Developments

    • 8-bit designs, such as the Intel 8008, emerged, leading to more affordable and versatile microcomputers.

    • Early 16 and 32-bit designs, like the National Semiconductor IMP-16 and the Motorola MC68000, became popular in workstations and business markets.

    • Significant milestones, such as the development of CMOS technology and the first computer on a chip, have advanced the state-of-the-art in microprocessors.

    • Later improvements with 64-bit microprocessors further pushed limits in the performance of computing devices.

    Multi-core Designs

    • A significant approach to improving computer performance involves combining multiple processors on a single chip.
    • This approach, popular in servers and workstations since the 1990s, allows for enhanced processing power.
    • This multi-core design is a standard to increase the speed and capacity of microprocessors.
    • Multi-core designs are crucial in professional and enterprise markets for their efficiency in handling intensive tasks.

    Contemporary Applications

    • Microprocessors are integrated into a wide array of modern electronic devices and also play a vital role in numerous industries.
    • The use of microprocessors is integral to many modern technologies and applications that rely on processing power.

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    Related Documents

    Supplement to Lesson 1 - History of Microprocessor PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts and historical development of microprocessors. It explores the role of microprocessors in modern computing, including their function, structure, and significance in embedded systems. Additionally, it highlights milestones in microprocessor technology from the 1960s to present.

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