Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the key strategies outlined by the European Union in the 2018 Plastics Strategy?
What is one of the key strategies outlined by the European Union in the 2018 Plastics Strategy?
- Developing methods to measure emissions (correct)
- Mandating recycling regulations for all waste
- Prohibiting the use of plastic in all products
- Eliminating all plastic production
Which requirement will be in effect for all new washing machines in France by 2025?
Which requirement will be in effect for all new washing machines in France by 2025?
- They must be made from recycled materials
- They must include a microfiber filter (correct)
- They must have a minimum water-saving capacity
- They must be energy-efficient
What percentage of recycled material must PET bottles contain by 2025 according to the EU Single-Use Plastics Directive?
What percentage of recycled material must PET bottles contain by 2025 according to the EU Single-Use Plastics Directive?
- 25% (correct)
- 30%
- 35%
- 20%
What aspect of plastic use does the EU's Circular Economy Plan aim to transform?
What aspect of plastic use does the EU's Circular Economy Plan aim to transform?
What is the goal of the 2019 Packaging Act introduced in the European Union?
What is the goal of the 2019 Packaging Act introduced in the European Union?
What primary factors influence the movement of microplastics in lakes?
What primary factors influence the movement of microplastics in lakes?
Which of the following is NOT a method through which microplastics enter the soil?
Which of the following is NOT a method through which microplastics enter the soil?
How do vegetated sediments compare to bare soil in terms of pollutant retention?
How do vegetated sediments compare to bare soil in terms of pollutant retention?
What role do rivers play in the transport of microplastics?
What role do rivers play in the transport of microplastics?
Low-density microplastics are mostly found in what locations?
Low-density microplastics are mostly found in what locations?
What factors are suggested to affect the transport and deposition of microplastics in sediments?
What factors are suggested to affect the transport and deposition of microplastics in sediments?
Which microplastic type is suggested to accumulate in sediment due to its density?
Which microplastic type is suggested to accumulate in sediment due to its density?
Which hydrologic characteristic is NOT a factor in the transport of microplastics within river ecosystems?
Which hydrologic characteristic is NOT a factor in the transport of microplastics within river ecosystems?
What mechanism does NOT contribute to the atmospheric transport of microplastics?
What mechanism does NOT contribute to the atmospheric transport of microplastics?
What is a primary method by which microplastics are transported into lakes?
What is a primary method by which microplastics are transported into lakes?
Which factor is associated with higher concentrations of microplastics in river water?
Which factor is associated with higher concentrations of microplastics in river water?
How does population density relate to microplastic abundance in sediments?
How does population density relate to microplastic abundance in sediments?
Which of the following is NOT a property influencing the suspension and deposition of microplastics in rivers?
Which of the following is NOT a property influencing the suspension and deposition of microplastics in rivers?
What type of ingestion leads to microplastic exposure in aquatic species through indirect consumption?
What type of ingestion leads to microplastic exposure in aquatic species through indirect consumption?
Which factor negatively correlates with microplastic abundance in sediments?
Which factor negatively correlates with microplastic abundance in sediments?
What mechanical process does NOT transport microplastics into the atmosphere?
What mechanical process does NOT transport microplastics into the atmosphere?
What effect do microplastics (MPs) have on Daphnia magna?
What effect do microplastics (MPs) have on Daphnia magna?
Which of the following is a significant effect of MPs on nematodes?
Which of the following is a significant effect of MPs on nematodes?
What was observed in zebrafish postmortem examinations related to MPs?
What was observed in zebrafish postmortem examinations related to MPs?
How does Bisphenol-A (BPA) interact within biological systems?
How does Bisphenol-A (BPA) interact within biological systems?
What role do microplastics play in relation to heavy metals and pollutants?
What role do microplastics play in relation to heavy metals and pollutants?
What can develop in human pathogenic bacteria due to heavy metals associated with microplastics?
What can develop in human pathogenic bacteria due to heavy metals associated with microplastics?
What is one learning outcome of the course on international regulations regarding microplastics?
What is one learning outcome of the course on international regulations regarding microplastics?
What ecological impact do microplastics have on the metabolism of nematodes?
What ecological impact do microplastics have on the metabolism of nematodes?
What is a consequence of MPs interacting with human pathogenic bacteria?
What is a consequence of MPs interacting with human pathogenic bacteria?
What specific damage did researchers observe in the intestinal tissues of zebrafish due to MPs?
What specific damage did researchers observe in the intestinal tissues of zebrafish due to MPs?
What significant action did the United Nations Environment Assembly take in March 2022 regarding plastic pollution?
What significant action did the United Nations Environment Assembly take in March 2022 regarding plastic pollution?
Which approach is emphasized by the EU in its regulations on microplastics?
Which approach is emphasized by the EU in its regulations on microplastics?
What is a key aspect of the full-life-cycle approach included in the resolution?
What is a key aspect of the full-life-cycle approach included in the resolution?
What is the role of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) as outlined in the resolution?
What is the role of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) as outlined in the resolution?
Which country plans to collaborate with industry to implement microfiber filters in washing machines by July 1, 2030?
Which country plans to collaborate with industry to implement microfiber filters in washing machines by July 1, 2030?
What two main approaches are being developed for microplastic regulations internationally?
What two main approaches are being developed for microplastic regulations internationally?
Which of the following is NOT one of the tenets of the March 2022 resolution?
Which of the following is NOT one of the tenets of the March 2022 resolution?
What is the primary goal of the future international instrument mentioned in the resolution?
What is the primary goal of the future international instrument mentioned in the resolution?
Which type of regulation is prioritized by the US and Canada concerning microplastics?
Which type of regulation is prioritized by the US and Canada concerning microplastics?
What element of cooperation is recognized for the future instrument in the resolution?
What element of cooperation is recognized for the future instrument in the resolution?
Which factor is least likely to influence microplastic influx into rivers?
Which factor is least likely to influence microplastic influx into rivers?
What aspect related to microplastics is NOT influenced by river hydraulics?
What aspect related to microplastics is NOT influenced by river hydraulics?
Which environmental phenomenon does NOT have an impact on microplastic distribution in rivers?
Which environmental phenomenon does NOT have an impact on microplastic distribution in rivers?
Which of the following factors does NOT affect the transport mechanisms of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems?
Which of the following factors does NOT affect the transport mechanisms of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems?
What property of microplastics is NOT considered when assessing their environmental impact?
What property of microplastics is NOT considered when assessing their environmental impact?
Which statement about microplastic distribution in rivers is INCORRECT?
Which statement about microplastic distribution in rivers is INCORRECT?
What is a factor that influences microplastic composition in freshwater environments?
What is a factor that influences microplastic composition in freshwater environments?
What is one of the main requirements of France's 2020 anti-waste law regarding washing machines?
What is one of the main requirements of France's 2020 anti-waste law regarding washing machines?
What is the target percentage of recycled material that PET bottles must contain by 2030 according to the EU Single-Use Plastics Directive?
What is the target percentage of recycled material that PET bottles must contain by 2030 according to the EU Single-Use Plastics Directive?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the EU's Plastics Strategy introduced in 2018?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the EU's Plastics Strategy introduced in 2018?
What comprehensive plan includes the EU's Plastics Strategy as a component?
What comprehensive plan includes the EU's Plastics Strategy as a component?
What does the EU aim to achieve through the reduction of microplastic releases from tyres and textiles?
What does the EU aim to achieve through the reduction of microplastic releases from tyres and textiles?
What factor does NOT influence the movement of microplastics in lakes?
What factor does NOT influence the movement of microplastics in lakes?
What is a common method through which microplastics enter the soil?
What is a common method through which microplastics enter the soil?
Which product management strategy is least likely to lead to the introduction of microplastics into sediments?
Which product management strategy is least likely to lead to the introduction of microplastics into sediments?
Which characteristic of sediment is associated with better retention of pollutants?
Which characteristic of sediment is associated with better retention of pollutants?
How do low-density microplastics behave in aquatic environments?
How do low-density microplastics behave in aquatic environments?
What primary role do rivers serve in the context of microplastics?
What primary role do rivers serve in the context of microplastics?
What condition is least likely to enhance the aggregation and retention of microplastics?
What condition is least likely to enhance the aggregation and retention of microplastics?
What is suggested to be a long-term sink for microplastics?
What is suggested to be a long-term sink for microplastics?
Which of the following is NOT a way microplastics can enter the environment?
Which of the following is NOT a way microplastics can enter the environment?
Which factor influences the concentration of microplastics in fish?
Which factor influences the concentration of microplastics in fish?
What is the relationship between microplastic concentration in water and fish?
What is the relationship between microplastic concentration in water and fish?
Which of the following statements about molluscs and microplastics is accurate?
Which of the following statements about molluscs and microplastics is accurate?
What ecological impact is associated with the carrier effect of microplastics?
What ecological impact is associated with the carrier effect of microplastics?
In which type of lakes is microbial colonization more abundant?
In which type of lakes is microbial colonization more abundant?
Which statement accurately reflects the toxic effects of microplastics on aquatic life?
Which statement accurately reflects the toxic effects of microplastics on aquatic life?
What key factor leads to higher oxygen consumption in certain lakes?
What key factor leads to higher oxygen consumption in certain lakes?
What characteristic of microplastics contributes to their environmental impact?
What characteristic of microplastics contributes to their environmental impact?
Which organism’s larvae show high concentrations of microplastics in sediment-rich environments?
Which organism’s larvae show high concentrations of microplastics in sediment-rich environments?
What is a significant mechanism through which microplastics can negatively affect aquatic species?
What is a significant mechanism through which microplastics can negatively affect aquatic species?
What is the primary aim of the historic resolution adopted by the United Nations Environment Assembly in March 2022?
What is the primary aim of the historic resolution adopted by the United Nations Environment Assembly in March 2022?
What crucial strategy is emphasized in the tenets of the resolution for managing plastic pollution?
What crucial strategy is emphasized in the tenets of the resolution for managing plastic pollution?
Which of the following actions is included in the resolution for addressing plastic pollution?
Which of the following actions is included in the resolution for addressing plastic pollution?
How does the EU approach the regulation of microplastics compared to the US and Canada?
How does the EU approach the regulation of microplastics compared to the US and Canada?
What is the deadline set by the Australian Government for implementing microfiber filters in washing machines?
What is the deadline set by the Australian Government for implementing microfiber filters in washing machines?
What role does the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) have according to the resolution?
What role does the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) have according to the resolution?
Which aspect is NOT recognized in the resolution regarding the future international instrument?
Which aspect is NOT recognized in the resolution regarding the future international instrument?
What is a significant feature of sustainable plastic production mentioned in the resolution?
What is a significant feature of sustainable plastic production mentioned in the resolution?
Which country has stated it will work with the industry to implement microfiber filters in washing machines by a set deadline?
Which country has stated it will work with the industry to implement microfiber filters in washing machines by a set deadline?
Which of the following factors does NOT influence the movement of microplastics in lakes?
Which of the following factors does NOT influence the movement of microplastics in lakes?
Where do high-density microplastics primarily accumulate?
Where do high-density microplastics primarily accumulate?
How do vegetated sediments compare to bare soil concerning pollutant retention?
How do vegetated sediments compare to bare soil concerning pollutant retention?
What is a primary way microplastics enter soil?
What is a primary way microplastics enter soil?
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for the transport of microplastics in freshwater systems?
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for the transport of microplastics in freshwater systems?
What role do rivers play concerning microplastics?
What role do rivers play concerning microplastics?
In freshwater ecosystems, what significantly affects the transport and deposition of microplastics?
In freshwater ecosystems, what significantly affects the transport and deposition of microplastics?
What challenge does enforcement of plastic regulations face in Africa?
What challenge does enforcement of plastic regulations face in Africa?
What is the South African government's aim regarding recycled content in plastic carrier bags by 2027?
What is the South African government's aim regarding recycled content in plastic carrier bags by 2027?
Which approach is suggested for improving the effectiveness of plastic regulations?
Which approach is suggested for improving the effectiveness of plastic regulations?
What has contributed to Rwanda's success in regulating plastic use?
What has contributed to Rwanda's success in regulating plastic use?
What is an essential requirement for effective plastic regulations as suggested by recent discussions?
What is an essential requirement for effective plastic regulations as suggested by recent discussions?
What hydrologic characteristic does NOT influence the transport and deposition of microplastics in river ecosystems?
What hydrologic characteristic does NOT influence the transport and deposition of microplastics in river ecosystems?
Which mechanism is commonly responsible for the atmospheric transport of microplastics?
Which mechanism is commonly responsible for the atmospheric transport of microplastics?
What seasonal condition contributes to a higher concentration of microplastics in river water?
What seasonal condition contributes to a higher concentration of microplastics in river water?
Which process is NOT a way that microplastics are introduced into lakes?
Which process is NOT a way that microplastics are introduced into lakes?
What is a significant factor that negatively correlates with the abundance of microplastics in sediment?
What is a significant factor that negatively correlates with the abundance of microplastics in sediment?
What role does population density play in the environment concerning microplastics?
What role does population density play in the environment concerning microplastics?
Which property of microplastics is crucial for their transport across different water bodies?
Which property of microplastics is crucial for their transport across different water bodies?
Which statement about the transport of microplastics is incorrect?
Which statement about the transport of microplastics is incorrect?
What is a common source of microplastics entering the atmosphere?
What is a common source of microplastics entering the atmosphere?
What is one major effect of microplastics on Daphnia magna?
What is one major effect of microplastics on Daphnia magna?
How do microplastics affect nematodes in aquatic environments?
How do microplastics affect nematodes in aquatic environments?
What type of damage was observed in zebrafish postmortem examinations due to microplastics?
What type of damage was observed in zebrafish postmortem examinations due to microplastics?
What is a consequence of Bisphenol-A (BPA) interacting with biological systems?
What is a consequence of Bisphenol-A (BPA) interacting with biological systems?
What role do microplastics play with respect to heavy metals and pollutants?
What role do microplastics play with respect to heavy metals and pollutants?
What potential risk arises from biofilms forming on microplastics by human pathogenic bacteria?
What potential risk arises from biofilms forming on microplastics by human pathogenic bacteria?
Which factor primarily affects the survival and reproductive capacity of Daphnia magna when exposed to microplastics?
Which factor primarily affects the survival and reproductive capacity of Daphnia magna when exposed to microplastics?
What is a noted effect of microplastics on nematodes regarding their physical attributes?
What is a noted effect of microplastics on nematodes regarding their physical attributes?
What is a major ecological impact of microplastics on aquatic species?
What is a major ecological impact of microplastics on aquatic species?
What physiological change occurs in nematodes exposed to microplastics?
What physiological change occurs in nematodes exposed to microplastics?
What is a primary focus of the European Union in terms of microplastics regulation?
What is a primary focus of the European Union in terms of microplastics regulation?
Which main approach is being taken by the US and Canada regarding microplastics?
Which main approach is being taken by the US and Canada regarding microplastics?
What significant resolution did the United Nations Environment Assembly adopt in March 2022?
What significant resolution did the United Nations Environment Assembly adopt in March 2022?
Which of the following statements represents one of the tenets of the March 2022 resolution?
Which of the following statements represents one of the tenets of the March 2022 resolution?
What is the expected completion timeline for the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee's work as per the resolution?
What is the expected completion timeline for the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee's work as per the resolution?
Which element of microplastic regulation is highlighted by the Australian Government's National Plastics Plan 2021?
Which element of microplastic regulation is highlighted by the Australian Government's National Plastics Plan 2021?
What aspect of plastic pollution does the full-life-cycle approach address?
What aspect of plastic pollution does the full-life-cycle approach address?
Which of the following aspects is NOT recognized in the resolution for the future instrument's cooperation?
Which of the following aspects is NOT recognized in the resolution for the future instrument's cooperation?
What is a significant challenge that microplastic regulations face globally?
What is a significant challenge that microplastic regulations face globally?
How does the current international focus on microplastic regulation primarily differ among various countries?
How does the current international focus on microplastic regulation primarily differ among various countries?
What is a primary method initiated by the European Union to reduce microplastic emissions from tyres and textiles?
What is a primary method initiated by the European Union to reduce microplastic emissions from tyres and textiles?
What environmental goal is associated with the EU's Plastics Strategy introduced in 2018?
What environmental goal is associated with the EU's Plastics Strategy introduced in 2018?
By what date must all new washing machines in France include a microfiber filter as mandated by the 2020 anti-waste law?
By what date must all new washing machines in France include a microfiber filter as mandated by the 2020 anti-waste law?
What is the required percentage of recycled material in PET bottles by 2030 under the EU Single-Use Plastics Directive?
What is the required percentage of recycled material in PET bottles by 2030 under the EU Single-Use Plastics Directive?
What component of the EU Green Deal does the Plastics Strategy fall under?
What component of the EU Green Deal does the Plastics Strategy fall under?
Which of the following factors is NOT linked to microplastic influx and deposition in rivers?
Which of the following factors is NOT linked to microplastic influx and deposition in rivers?
What is one significant influence of barriers such as dams on microplastics in freshwater ecosystems?
What is one significant influence of barriers such as dams on microplastics in freshwater ecosystems?
Which environmental factor is identified as affecting microplastic distribution in rivers?
Which environmental factor is identified as affecting microplastic distribution in rivers?
What aspect of microplastics is influenced by their polymer properties?
What aspect of microplastics is influenced by their polymer properties?
Which of the following statements regarding microplastic distribution in freshwater environments is true?
Which of the following statements regarding microplastic distribution in freshwater environments is true?
What is a primary method identified for microplastics entering freshwater systems?
What is a primary method identified for microplastics entering freshwater systems?
Which factor does NOT affect microplastic transport mechanisms in rivers?
Which factor does NOT affect microplastic transport mechanisms in rivers?
What is a significant factor affecting the movement of microplastics in lakes?
What is a significant factor affecting the movement of microplastics in lakes?
Which method is NOT a way through which microplastics enter the soil?
Which method is NOT a way through which microplastics enter the soil?
How do vegetated sediments contribute to the retention of microplastics?
How do vegetated sediments contribute to the retention of microplastics?
What happens to high-density plastics in aquatic environments?
What happens to high-density plastics in aquatic environments?
Which of these factors is not suggested to affect the transport and deposition of microplastics in sediments?
Which of these factors is not suggested to affect the transport and deposition of microplastics in sediments?
What is the primary role of rivers regarding microplastics?
What is the primary role of rivers regarding microplastics?
What characteristic is associated with low-density microplastics in water settings?
What characteristic is associated with low-density microplastics in water settings?
What happens to microplastics during aggregation to biofilms?
What happens to microplastics during aggregation to biofilms?
Which of these statements is INCORRECT about microplastic movement?
Which of these statements is INCORRECT about microplastic movement?
What is the relationship between microplastic concentration in fish and the concentration in water?
What is the relationship between microplastic concentration in fish and the concentration in water?
How does sediment concentration of microplastics affect Chironomus sp. larvae?
How does sediment concentration of microplastics affect Chironomus sp. larvae?
Which statement about larger and smaller molluscs in the context of microplastic accumulation is correct?
Which statement about larger and smaller molluscs in the context of microplastic accumulation is correct?
What is a proposed ecological impact of microplastics on aquatic life?
What is a proposed ecological impact of microplastics on aquatic life?
What effect do microplastics have on microbial colonization in different types of lakes?
What effect do microplastics have on microbial colonization in different types of lakes?
What characteristic of microplastics contributes to their 'carrier effect' in the environment?
What characteristic of microplastics contributes to their 'carrier effect' in the environment?
Which of the following statements about environmental impacts of microplastics is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about environmental impacts of microplastics is incorrect?
Which factor is likely to influence the concentration of microplastics in molluscs?
Which factor is likely to influence the concentration of microplastics in molluscs?
What aspect of microplastics contributes to their toxicity effects on aquatic life?
What aspect of microplastics contributes to their toxicity effects on aquatic life?
In which environments are microplastics mostly linked to higher microbial colonization?
In which environments are microplastics mostly linked to higher microbial colonization?
What is a main focus of the EU's approach to microplastics regulations?
What is a main focus of the EU's approach to microplastics regulations?
Which aspect of the full-life-cycle approach is crucial for addressing plastic pollution?
Which aspect of the full-life-cycle approach is crucial for addressing plastic pollution?
What significant action was taken by the United Nations Environment Assembly in March 2022?
What significant action was taken by the United Nations Environment Assembly in March 2022?
What is recognized as a critical role of the future instrument in the resolution?
What is recognized as a critical role of the future instrument in the resolution?
Which country has a plan to implement microfiber filters in washing machines by July 1, 2030?
Which country has a plan to implement microfiber filters in washing machines by July 1, 2030?
What distinguishes the regulatory approach of the US and Canada on microplastics?
What distinguishes the regulatory approach of the US and Canada on microplastics?
What is one of the tenets of the March 2022 resolution regarding plastic pollution?
What is one of the tenets of the March 2022 resolution regarding plastic pollution?
What deadline is set for the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) to complete its work?
What deadline is set for the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) to complete its work?
What element does the resolution emphasize for successful international cooperation on plastic pollution?
What element does the resolution emphasize for successful international cooperation on plastic pollution?
What is a significant aspect of microplastic regulations being developed internationally?
What is a significant aspect of microplastic regulations being developed internationally?
What percentage of recycled content has the South African government mandated for plastic carrier bags in 2023?
What percentage of recycled content has the South African government mandated for plastic carrier bags in 2023?
Which of the following factors contribute to the challenges of enforcing regulations on plastic bags in Africa?
Which of the following factors contribute to the challenges of enforcing regulations on plastic bags in Africa?
Rwanda's success in banning plastic bags is mainly due to which of the following?
Rwanda's success in banning plastic bags is mainly due to which of the following?
What is one of the recommended approaches for managing plastic throughout its lifecycle?
What is one of the recommended approaches for managing plastic throughout its lifecycle?
To enhance sustainability, legislation on plastic should emphasize which of the following?
To enhance sustainability, legislation on plastic should emphasize which of the following?
Which factor is least likely to influence the microplastic concentration in river systems?
Which factor is least likely to influence the microplastic concentration in river systems?
Which polymer property is NOT mentioned as influencing microplastic behavior in the environment?
Which polymer property is NOT mentioned as influencing microplastic behavior in the environment?
What environmental factor is suggested to affect the distribution of microplastics in rivers?
What environmental factor is suggested to affect the distribution of microplastics in rivers?
Which of the following is associated with the transport mechanisms of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems?
Which of the following is associated with the transport mechanisms of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems?
Which factor does NOT contribute to the variability of microplastic concentration in river systems?
Which factor does NOT contribute to the variability of microplastic concentration in river systems?
What role do barriers such as dams and weirs play in relation to microplastics in rivers?
What role do barriers such as dams and weirs play in relation to microplastics in rivers?
What hydrologic characteristic primarily influences the suspension of microplastics in rivers?
What hydrologic characteristic primarily influences the suspension of microplastics in rivers?
Which factor is NOT typically associated with microplastic influx and deposition in rivers?
Which factor is NOT typically associated with microplastic influx and deposition in rivers?
Which mechanism does NOT contribute to the transport of microplastics into lakes?
Which mechanism does NOT contribute to the transport of microplastics into lakes?
How does population density correlate with microplastic abundance in river sediments?
How does population density correlate with microplastic abundance in river sediments?
During which season do higher concentrations of microplastics typically occur in water systems?
During which season do higher concentrations of microplastics typically occur in water systems?
Which factor negatively correlates with microplastic abundance in sediments?
Which factor negatively correlates with microplastic abundance in sediments?
What is a primary source of microplastics entering the atmosphere?
What is a primary source of microplastics entering the atmosphere?
What aspect of microplastic transport in rivers is NOT influenced by hydraulic conditions?
What aspect of microplastic transport in rivers is NOT influenced by hydraulic conditions?
What process allows microplastics to rise into the atmosphere from aquatic environments?
What process allows microplastics to rise into the atmosphere from aquatic environments?
What can lead to the accumulation of microplastics in sediments?
What can lead to the accumulation of microplastics in sediments?
What is the significance of the full-life-cycle approach in addressing plastic pollution?
What is the significance of the full-life-cycle approach in addressing plastic pollution?
What is the deadline set for the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) to complete its work?
What is the deadline set for the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) to complete its work?
Which strategy does the EU focus on regarding microplastics?
Which strategy does the EU focus on regarding microplastics?
What role does the future international instrument play in relation to other conventions?
What role does the future international instrument play in relation to other conventions?
What international agreement did the United Nations Environment Assembly adopt in March 2022?
What international agreement did the United Nations Environment Assembly adopt in March 2022?
Which country aims to implement microfiber filters in washing machines by July 1, 2030?
Which country aims to implement microfiber filters in washing machines by July 1, 2030?
What regulatory approach is prioritized by the US and Canada concerning microplastics?
What regulatory approach is prioritized by the US and Canada concerning microplastics?
Which of the following best describes one of the tenets of the March 2022 resolution?
Which of the following best describes one of the tenets of the March 2022 resolution?
What challenge is highlighted in the resolution regarding plastic pollution?
What challenge is highlighted in the resolution regarding plastic pollution?
What is a primary focus of Australia's National Plastics Plan 2021?
What is a primary focus of Australia's National Plastics Plan 2021?
What is a key aim of the EU's 2018 Plastics Strategy?
What is a key aim of the EU's 2018 Plastics Strategy?
By what date must all new washing machines in France include a microfiber filter?
By what date must all new washing machines in France include a microfiber filter?
What percentage of recycled material must PET bottles contain by 2030 according to EU regulations?
What percentage of recycled material must PET bottles contain by 2030 according to EU regulations?
What aspect of environmental policy is addressed by the EU Green Deal?
What aspect of environmental policy is addressed by the EU Green Deal?
What primary action is proposed by the EU regarding microplastics emissions from textiles?
What primary action is proposed by the EU regarding microplastics emissions from textiles?
What is the target recycling rate for plastic packaging established by the Packaging Act developed in 2019?
What is the target recycling rate for plastic packaging established by the Packaging Act developed in 2019?
Which directive requires a phased increase in the recycled content of PET bottles?
Which directive requires a phased increase in the recycled content of PET bottles?
What is one of the goals of the EU's Plastics Strategy within the Circular Economy Plan?
What is one of the goals of the EU's Plastics Strategy within the Circular Economy Plan?
What type of funding is allocated to combat microplastic releases as suggested in the EU's policies?
What type of funding is allocated to combat microplastic releases as suggested in the EU's policies?
Which strategy is NOT directly mentioned regarding the EU's approach to reducing unintentional microplastic releases?
Which strategy is NOT directly mentioned regarding the EU's approach to reducing unintentional microplastic releases?
What action did the European Union's Plastics Strategy aim to take regarding plastic products?
What action did the European Union's Plastics Strategy aim to take regarding plastic products?
Which measure is mandated by France's 2020 anti-waste law regarding washing machines?
Which measure is mandated by France's 2020 anti-waste law regarding washing machines?
What is a requirement for PET bottles according to the EU Single-Use Plastics Directive by 2025?
What is a requirement for PET bottles according to the EU Single-Use Plastics Directive by 2025?
Which of the following is a component of the EU Green Deal related to plastics?
Which of the following is a component of the EU Green Deal related to plastics?
What percentage of plastic packaging must be recycled by 2023 according to the Packaging Act in the EU?
What percentage of plastic packaging must be recycled by 2023 according to the Packaging Act in the EU?
What is the primary mechanism through which microplastics enter soils?
What is the primary mechanism through which microplastics enter soils?
Which of the following factors affects the movement of microplastics in lakes?
Which of the following factors affects the movement of microplastics in lakes?
Which characteristic of sediments makes them more effective at retaining pollutants?
Which characteristic of sediments makes them more effective at retaining pollutants?
How do low-density microplastics behave in water bodies?
How do low-density microplastics behave in water bodies?
What role do rivers play in the transport of microplastics?
What role do rivers play in the transport of microplastics?
What is suggested about the long-term fate of microplastics in sediments?
What is suggested about the long-term fate of microplastics in sediments?
What influences the aggregation and mobility of microplastics in the environment?
What influences the aggregation and mobility of microplastics in the environment?
What hydrological characteristic does NOT influence the transport of microplastics in river ecosystems?
What hydrological characteristic does NOT influence the transport of microplastics in river ecosystems?
Which of the following is NOT a method by which microplastics are introduced into the atmosphere?
Which of the following is NOT a method by which microplastics are introduced into the atmosphere?
In which season are higher concentrations of microplastics typically observed downstream in river systems?
In which season are higher concentrations of microplastics typically observed downstream in river systems?
Which factor negatively correlates with microplastic abundance in sediments?
Which factor negatively correlates with microplastic abundance in sediments?
Microplastics can be transported into lakes by all of the following methods EXCEPT:
Microplastics can be transported into lakes by all of the following methods EXCEPT:
Which factors are indicated to contribute to the complexity of microplastic distribution in sediments?
Which factors are indicated to contribute to the complexity of microplastic distribution in sediments?
What is a significant source of microplastics entering the atmosphere?
What is a significant source of microplastics entering the atmosphere?
Which process does NOT contribute to the suspension and deposition of microplastics in waterways?
Which process does NOT contribute to the suspension and deposition of microplastics in waterways?
Which of the following statements about microplastic transport in river ecosystems is INCORRECT?
Which of the following statements about microplastic transport in river ecosystems is INCORRECT?
Which factor most significantly influences microplastic concentrations in fish?
Which factor most significantly influences microplastic concentrations in fish?
How does the size of molluscs affect their microplastic concentration per individual?
How does the size of molluscs affect their microplastic concentration per individual?
What is one effect of microplastic degradation in aquatic environments?
What is one effect of microplastic degradation in aquatic environments?
In which type of lakes is microbial colonization associated with higher oxygen consumption?
In which type of lakes is microbial colonization associated with higher oxygen consumption?
What is a consequence of the hydrophobic nature of microplastics?
What is a consequence of the hydrophobic nature of microplastics?
Which aquatic organism is specifically mentioned in relation to microplastic concentrations in larvae?
Which aquatic organism is specifically mentioned in relation to microplastic concentrations in larvae?
What is an environmental impact of additives released from degraded microplastics?
What is an environmental impact of additives released from degraded microplastics?
Which characteristic of microplastics poses a risk of ecological impact?
Which characteristic of microplastics poses a risk of ecological impact?
Which of the following statements about microplastics in benthic environments is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about microplastics in benthic environments is incorrect?
In what way do smaller molluscs differ from larger ones in terms of microplastic concentrations?
In what way do smaller molluscs differ from larger ones in terms of microplastic concentrations?
What impact do microplastics have on the feeding behavior of Daphnia magna?
What impact do microplastics have on the feeding behavior of Daphnia magna?
What physiological aspect of nematodes is notably affected by exposure to microplastics?
What physiological aspect of nematodes is notably affected by exposure to microplastics?
What kind of damage was observed in zebrafish that ingested microplastics?
What kind of damage was observed in zebrafish that ingested microplastics?
How does Bisphenol-A (BPA) interact within biological systems?
How does Bisphenol-A (BPA) interact within biological systems?
What role do microplastics play in the context of heavy metals?
What role do microplastics play in the context of heavy metals?
What effect do microplastics have on reproductive capacity of Daphnia magna?
What effect do microplastics have on reproductive capacity of Daphnia magna?
What potential consequence can arise from human pathogenic bacteria forming biofilms on microplastics?
What potential consequence can arise from human pathogenic bacteria forming biofilms on microplastics?
What aspect of microplastic pollution can contribute to the integrity of intestinal tissues in aquatic organisms?
What aspect of microplastic pollution can contribute to the integrity of intestinal tissues in aquatic organisms?
Which of the following is a primary learning outcome of the course on international regulations regarding microplastics?
Which of the following is a primary learning outcome of the course on international regulations regarding microplastics?
What does elevated Glutathione S-transferase indicate in nematodes exposed to microplastics?
What does elevated Glutathione S-transferase indicate in nematodes exposed to microplastics?
What is considered the primary route of microplastic exposure to humans?
What is considered the primary route of microplastic exposure to humans?
Which source of microplastics contributes the highest number of items consumed per family annually?
Which source of microplastics contributes the highest number of items consumed per family annually?
What is the microplastic content in sea salt measured in items per kilogram?
What is the microplastic content in sea salt measured in items per kilogram?
What is the size range of microplastics found in soft drinks, cold teas, and energy drinks?
What is the size range of microplastics found in soft drinks, cold teas, and energy drinks?
How do the sizes of microplastics in tap water compare to those in bottled water?
How do the sizes of microplastics in tap water compare to those in bottled water?
Which of the following is a source of microplastics linked to household activities?
Which of the following is a source of microplastics linked to household activities?
Which method contributes to the degradation of larger plastics into microplastics?
Which method contributes to the degradation of larger plastics into microplastics?
What is a significant contributor to microplastic pollution from the clothing industry?
What is a significant contributor to microplastic pollution from the clothing industry?
Which of the following regions is considered a top emitter of microplastics from tire abrasion?
Which of the following regions is considered a top emitter of microplastics from tire abrasion?
Which classification criteria is NOT typically used to define microplastics?
Which classification criteria is NOT typically used to define microplastics?
Which industrial activity is known to release microplastics into the marine environment?
Which industrial activity is known to release microplastics into the marine environment?
What is an identified consequence of improper handling during plastic pellet production?
What is an identified consequence of improper handling during plastic pellet production?
What is the primary source of microplastic fragments released into the environment annually?
What is the primary source of microplastic fragments released into the environment annually?
Which type of microplastic is particularly concerning due to high levels found in laundry simulations?
Which type of microplastic is particularly concerning due to high levels found in laundry simulations?
Which factor does NOT affect the spatial distribution of microplastics?
Which factor does NOT affect the spatial distribution of microplastics?
Denser microplastics, such as polyethylene terephthalate, are most likely to be found in which location within a water column?
Denser microplastics, such as polyethylene terephthalate, are most likely to be found in which location within a water column?
What environmental condition exacerbates microplastic pollution by resuspending particles from sediment?
What environmental condition exacerbates microplastic pollution by resuspending particles from sediment?
What range of concentrations for microplastics in freshwater has been observed in studies across Africa, Asia, and Europe?
What range of concentrations for microplastics in freshwater has been observed in studies across Africa, Asia, and Europe?
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting the temporal distribution of microplastics?
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting the temporal distribution of microplastics?
Which characteristic of microplastics can potentially lead to more lasting environmental damage?
Which characteristic of microplastics can potentially lead to more lasting environmental damage?
What is the effect of intense storm runoff on microplastic pollution levels?
What is the effect of intense storm runoff on microplastic pollution levels?
What is the highest recorded level of microplastics in bottled water per liter?
What is the highest recorded level of microplastics in bottled water per liter?
How much microplastics does the average individual consume annually from food and drink?
How much microplastics does the average individual consume annually from food and drink?
Which of the following food types contributes to microplastic consumption?
Which of the following food types contributes to microplastic consumption?
What is the total estimated consumption of microplastics when including inhalation?
What is the total estimated consumption of microplastics when including inhalation?
In which environment are microplastics most readily accumulated?
In which environment are microplastics most readily accumulated?
What is the typical concentration of microplastics found in tap water?
What is the typical concentration of microplastics found in tap water?
What is the range of microplastics found per gram in domestic food with additives?
What is the range of microplastics found per gram in domestic food with additives?
Due to their small sizes, how do microplastics affect food chains?
Due to their small sizes, how do microplastics affect food chains?
What is the likely consequence of microplastics ending up in human diets?
What is the likely consequence of microplastics ending up in human diets?
What factor contributes to the accumulation of microplastics in terrestrial organisms?
What factor contributes to the accumulation of microplastics in terrestrial organisms?
What is the primary contributor to the rise of microplastic presence during the tourist season?
What is the primary contributor to the rise of microplastic presence during the tourist season?
What type of microplastics is predominantly found in wastewater treatment plants?
What type of microplastics is predominantly found in wastewater treatment plants?
Which product categories enhance the risk of personal exposure to microplastics?
Which product categories enhance the risk of personal exposure to microplastics?
What is one of the learning outcomes related to microplastics' human health risks?
What is one of the learning outcomes related to microplastics' human health risks?
What are the ecological risks of microplastics attributed to?
What are the ecological risks of microplastics attributed to?
How are microplastics linked to domestic products regarding exposure?
How are microplastics linked to domestic products regarding exposure?
What types of microplastics dominate in terms of overall occurrence?
What types of microplastics dominate in terms of overall occurrence?
What is a significant concern regarding human health and aquatic microplastics?
What is a significant concern regarding human health and aquatic microplastics?
Which statement best explains the environmental impact of microplastics?
Which statement best explains the environmental impact of microplastics?
What approach is crucial for appreciating the implications of microplastics in aquatic systems?
What approach is crucial for appreciating the implications of microplastics in aquatic systems?
What is one effective strategy for reducing the use of single-use plastics?
What is one effective strategy for reducing the use of single-use plastics?
What has contributed to the resurgence of farmers' markets in North America and Europe?
What has contributed to the resurgence of farmers' markets in North America and Europe?
Which method is NOT mentioned as a way to address microplastic leaks into the environment?
Which method is NOT mentioned as a way to address microplastic leaks into the environment?
What is considered the most effective mitigation effort against environmental microplastics?
What is considered the most effective mitigation effort against environmental microplastics?
Which sector is mentioned as a source of microplastic production?
Which sector is mentioned as a source of microplastic production?
What has made it challenging to mitigate microplastic leaks in the environment?
What has made it challenging to mitigate microplastic leaks in the environment?
What is a common strategy to prevent degradation of low-value plastics into microplastics?
What is a common strategy to prevent degradation of low-value plastics into microplastics?
What is the primary purpose of filtration systems in autonomous robotic systems targeting microplastic cleanup?
What is the primary purpose of filtration systems in autonomous robotic systems targeting microplastic cleanup?
How do autonomous robotic systems utilize real-time monitoring?
How do autonomous robotic systems utilize real-time monitoring?
What role do predictive models play in managing microplastic contamination?
What role do predictive models play in managing microplastic contamination?
What is a key benefit of data transmission in autonomous robotic systems?
What is a key benefit of data transmission in autonomous robotic systems?
Which feature is NOT typically associated with autonomous robotic systems used for cleanup?
Which feature is NOT typically associated with autonomous robotic systems used for cleanup?
Which strategy is essential for reducing environmental leakage in a circular economic model?
Which strategy is essential for reducing environmental leakage in a circular economic model?
What does the presence of material recovery facilities (MRFs) indicate in the developing world?
What does the presence of material recovery facilities (MRFs) indicate in the developing world?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the composting process in MRFs?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the composting process in MRFs?
What is the implication of incinerating plastics for energy recovery?
What is the implication of incinerating plastics for energy recovery?
How does the biodegradability of bio-based plastics vary?
How does the biodegradability of bio-based plastics vary?
What is one major benefit of community MRFs in the Philippines?
What is one major benefit of community MRFs in the Philippines?
Which aspect of plastic waste management is emphasized by high recycling rates?
Which aspect of plastic waste management is emphasized by high recycling rates?
What does the term circular economy imply regarding plastic waste?
What does the term circular economy imply regarding plastic waste?
What is a critical role of stakeholders in plastic waste management?
What is a critical role of stakeholders in plastic waste management?
What is one traditional method used for microplastic cleanup?
What is one traditional method used for microplastic cleanup?
Which limitation is associated with using sedimentation tanks for microplastic cleanup?
Which limitation is associated with using sedimentation tanks for microplastic cleanup?
What is a common maintenance issue with filtration systems used in microplastic cleanup?
What is a common maintenance issue with filtration systems used in microplastic cleanup?
What is a primary advantage of using skimming devices in microplastic cleanup?
What is a primary advantage of using skimming devices in microplastic cleanup?
What is a challenge of traditional filtration methods in dealing with microplastics?
What is a challenge of traditional filtration methods in dealing with microplastics?
Which method is NOT typically part of traditional approaches for cleaning up microplastics?
Which method is NOT typically part of traditional approaches for cleaning up microplastics?
What aspect of microplastic collection can affect the efficiency of traditional approaches?
What aspect of microplastic collection can affect the efficiency of traditional approaches?
What is a potential drawback of using sand filtration for microplastics?
What is a potential drawback of using sand filtration for microplastics?
Which of the following represents a passive method of microplastic collection?
Which of the following represents a passive method of microplastic collection?
What is the purpose of sensor fusion in autonomous robotic systems (ARS) for microplastic detection?
What is the purpose of sensor fusion in autonomous robotic systems (ARS) for microplastic detection?
Which algorithm helps robotic systems optimize their routes for cleanup operations?
Which algorithm helps robotic systems optimize their routes for cleanup operations?
How do computer vision algorithms contribute to microplastic detection?
How do computer vision algorithms contribute to microplastic detection?
What role does machine learning play in autonomous robotic systems for microplastic cleanup?
What role does machine learning play in autonomous robotic systems for microplastic cleanup?
What feature is essential for ARS in capturing microplastics from water?
What feature is essential for ARS in capturing microplastics from water?
What characteristic of microplastics enables their detection through specific instruments?
What characteristic of microplastics enables their detection through specific instruments?
Which of the following best describes the benefit of repeated observation in remote sensing?
Which of the following best describes the benefit of repeated observation in remote sensing?
Why are robotic systems considered advantageous for cleanup in remote or inaccessible areas?
Why are robotic systems considered advantageous for cleanup in remote or inaccessible areas?
What is one of the main features of the sensors used in ARS for microplastic detection?
What is one of the main features of the sensors used in ARS for microplastic detection?
What is a primary function of mapping algorithms in autonomous robotic systems?
What is a primary function of mapping algorithms in autonomous robotic systems?
Flashcards
Microplastic entry in lakes
Microplastic entry in lakes
Microplastics enter lakes through sediments, open water circulation, and tributary outflow.
Microplastic movement factors
Microplastic movement factors
Factors like wind strength, direction, lake shape, currents, and storms affect microplastic movement in lakes.
Microplastic entry into soil
Microplastic entry into soil
Microplastics enter soil through landfill dumping, plastic mulching, wastewater recycling, and fertilizers.
Vegetated sediment retention
Vegetated sediment retention
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Sediment as microplastic sink
Sediment as microplastic sink
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Microplastic transport in rivers
Microplastic transport in rivers
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Microplastic transport in rivers
Microplastic transport in rivers
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Microplastic transport in lakes
Microplastic transport in lakes
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Atmospheric microplastic transport
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Microplastic water concentration
Microplastic water concentration
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Microplastic sediment concentration
Microplastic sediment concentration
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Microplastic ingestion by aquatic life
Microplastic ingestion by aquatic life
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UNEA resolution
UNEA resolution
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Full-life-cycle approach
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Sustainable plastic production
Sustainable plastic production
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Waste management
Waste management
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EU microplastic regulation
EU microplastic regulation
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US/Canada microplastic regulation
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Australian National Plastics Plan
Australian National Plastics Plan
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Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC)
Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC)
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EU Plastics Strategy (2018)
EU Plastics Strategy (2018)
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EU Single-Use Plastics and Fishing Gear Directive (2019)
EU Single-Use Plastics and Fishing Gear Directive (2019)
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France's 2020 anti-waste law
France's 2020 anti-waste law
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Microplastic releases from tyres and textiles
Microplastic releases from tyres and textiles
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EU Packaging Act (2019)
EU Packaging Act (2019)
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Targeted R&D funding (microplastics)
Targeted R&D funding (microplastics)
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Measuring microplastic emissions
Measuring microplastic emissions
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Microplastic impact on Daphnia
Microplastic impact on Daphnia
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Microplastic effect on Nematodes
Microplastic effect on Nematodes
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Microplastic impact on Zebrafish
Microplastic impact on Zebrafish
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BPA and Endocrine disruption
BPA and Endocrine disruption
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Microplastics & Pollutants
Microplastics & Pollutants
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Microplastics & Bacteria
Microplastics & Bacteria
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International Microplastic Regulations
International Microplastic Regulations
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International Macroplastic Regulations
International Macroplastic Regulations
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Stakeholder Roles
Stakeholder Roles
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Microplastic entry into rivers
Microplastic entry into rivers
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River barriers (dams/weirs)
River barriers (dams/weirs)
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Microplastic properties affecting distribution
Microplastic properties affecting distribution
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Environmental factors (rivers)
Environmental factors (rivers)
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Microplastic concentration variability
Microplastic concentration variability
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Microplastic entry into lakes
Microplastic entry into lakes
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Lakes as Microplastic Systems
Lakes as Microplastic Systems
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Microplastic Movement Factors (lakes)
Microplastic Movement Factors (lakes)
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Soil Microplastic Entry
Soil Microplastic Entry
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Vegetated Sediment Retention
Vegetated Sediment Retention
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Sediment as Microplastic Sink
Sediment as Microplastic Sink
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River Microplastic Transport
River Microplastic Transport
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Microplastic ingestion by fish
Microplastic ingestion by fish
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Microplastic concentration in fish
Microplastic concentration in fish
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Microplastic in sediment and larvae
Microplastic in sediment and larvae
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Molluscs and microplastics
Molluscs and microplastics
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Microbial colonization and lakes
Microbial colonization and lakes
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Toxic effects of microplastics
Toxic effects of microplastics
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Microplastic carrier effect
Microplastic carrier effect
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UNEA resolution
UNEA resolution
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Full-life-cycle approach
Full-life-cycle approach
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Sustainable plastic production
Sustainable plastic production
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Waste management
Waste management
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EU microplastic regulation
EU microplastic regulation
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US/Canada microplastic regulation
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Australian National Plastics Plan
Australian National Plastics Plan
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Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC)
Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC)
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EU Plastics Strategy (2018)
EU Plastics Strategy (2018)
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EU Single-Use Plastics and Fishing Gear Directive (2019)
EU Single-Use Plastics and Fishing Gear Directive (2019)
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France's 2020 anti-waste law
France's 2020 anti-waste law
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Microplastic releases from tires and textiles
Microplastic releases from tires and textiles
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EU Packaging Act (2019)
EU Packaging Act (2019)
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Targeted R&D funding (microplastics)
Targeted R&D funding (microplastics)
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Measuring microplastic emissions
Measuring microplastic emissions
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Microplastic Lake System
Microplastic Lake System
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Microplastic Movement Factors (Lakes)
Microplastic Movement Factors (Lakes)
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Microplastic Soil Entry
Microplastic Soil Entry
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Vegetated Sediment Retention
Vegetated Sediment Retention
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Sediment as Microplastic Sink
Sediment as Microplastic Sink
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River Microplastic Transport
River Microplastic Transport
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Microplastic River Transport
Microplastic River Transport
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Microplastic Lake Transport
Microplastic Lake Transport
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Atmospheric Microplastic Transport
Atmospheric Microplastic Transport
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Microplastic Water Concentration
Microplastic Water Concentration
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Microplastic Sediment Concentration
Microplastic Sediment Concentration
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Aquatic Ingestion
Aquatic Ingestion
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River Hydrologic Factors
River Hydrologic Factors
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Lake Water Movement
Lake Water Movement
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Microplastic impact on Daphnia
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Microplastic effect on Nematodes
Microplastic effect on Nematodes
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Microplastic impact on Zebrafish
Microplastic impact on Zebrafish
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BPA and Endocrine disruption
BPA and Endocrine disruption
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Microplastics & Pollutants
Microplastics & Pollutants
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Microplastics & Bacteria
Microplastics & Bacteria
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International Microplastic Regulations
International Microplastic Regulations
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International Macroplastic Regulations
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Stakeholder Roles
Stakeholder Roles
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International Regulatory Frameworks for Macroplastics (Africa)
International Regulatory Frameworks for Macroplastics (Africa)
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South Africa's Recycled Plastic Mandate
South Africa's Recycled Plastic Mandate
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Fragmented Plastic Legislation
Fragmented Plastic Legislation
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Transboundary Plastic Approach
Transboundary Plastic Approach
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Holistic Plastic Approach
Holistic Plastic Approach
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Improvements in Plastic Recycling
Improvements in Plastic Recycling
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Reduced Plastic Packaging
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Enhancing the Circular Economy
Enhancing the Circular Economy
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Enforcement of Plastic Lifecycle
Enforcement of Plastic Lifecycle
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UNEA resolution
UNEA resolution
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Full-life-cycle approach
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Sustainable plastic production
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Waste management
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EU microplastic regulation
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US/Canada microplastic regulation
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Australian National Plastics Plan
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Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC)
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EU Plastics Strategy (2018)
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EU Single-Use Plastics and Fishing Gear Directive (2019)
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Lakes as Microplastic Systems
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Microplastic ingestion by fish
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Microplastic concentration in fish
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Microplastic Movement Factors (Lakes)
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Soil Microplastic Entry
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Microplastic-sediment-larva correlation
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Vegetated Sediment Retention
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Molluscs and microplastics
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Microplastic carrier effect
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Sediment as Microplastic Sink
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River Microplastic Transport
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Toxic effects of microplastics
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Microbial colonization in lakes
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Lake Water Movement
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Aquatic Ingestion
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Microplastic concentration variability
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Microplastic entry into rivers
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River barriers (dams/weirs)
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Microplastic properties (distribution)
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Environmental factors (rivers)
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Microplastic concentration variability
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Microplastic entry into lakes
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Lakes as Microplastic Systems
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Microplastic Movement Factors (Lakes)
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Microplastic Soil Entry
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Vegetated Sediment Retention
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Sediment as Microplastic Sink
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River Microplastic Transport
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UNEA resolution
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Full-life-cycle approach
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Sustainable plastic production
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Waste management
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EU microplastic regulation
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US/Canada microplastic regulation
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Australian National Plastics Plan
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Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC)
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EU Plastics Strategy (2018)
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EU Single-Use Plastics and Fishing Gear Directive (2019)
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France's 2020 anti-waste law
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Microplastic releases from tires and textiles
Microplastic releases from tires and textiles
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EU Packaging Act (2019)
EU Packaging Act (2019)
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Targeted R&D funding (microplastics)
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Measuring microplastic emissions
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Microplastic River Entry
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River Transport Factors
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River Barriers
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Microplastic Lake Entry
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Lake Transport Factors
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Sediment as Sink
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Microplastic Soil Entry
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Vegetated Sediment Retention
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Microplastic concentration variability
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International Regulatory Frameworks (Africa)
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South Africa's Recycled Plastic Mandate
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Fragmented Plastic Legislation
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Transboundary Plastic Approach
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Holistic Plastic Approach
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Improvements in Plastic Recycling
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Reduced Plastic Packaging
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Microplastic river transport
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Microplastic lake transport
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Atmospheric microplastic transport
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Microplastic water concentration
Microplastic water concentration
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Microplastic sediment concentration
Microplastic sediment concentration
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Aquatic ingestion
Aquatic ingestion
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River hydrologic factors
River hydrologic factors
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Lake water movement
Lake water movement
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Microplastic lake system
Microplastic lake system
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Microplastic movement factors (lakes)
Microplastic movement factors (lakes)
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UNEA resolution
UNEA resolution
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Full-life-cycle approach
Full-life-cycle approach
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Sustainable plastic production
Sustainable plastic production
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Waste management
Waste management
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EU microplastic regulation
EU microplastic regulation
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US/Canada microplastic regulation
US/Canada microplastic regulation
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Australian National Plastics Plan
Australian National Plastics Plan
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Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC)
Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC)
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EU Plastics Strategy (2018)
EU Plastics Strategy (2018)
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EU Single-Use Plastics and Fishing Gear Directive (2019)
EU Single-Use Plastics and Fishing Gear Directive (2019)
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EU Plastics Strategy (2018)
EU Plastics Strategy (2018)
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EU Single-Use Plastics and Fishing Gear Directive (2019)
EU Single-Use Plastics and Fishing Gear Directive (2019)
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France's 2020 anti-waste law
France's 2020 anti-waste law
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Microplastic releases from tires and textiles
Microplastic releases from tires and textiles
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EU Packaging Act (2019)
EU Packaging Act (2019)
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Targeted R&D funding (microplastics)
Targeted R&D funding (microplastics)
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Measuring microplastic emissions
Measuring microplastic emissions
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Microplastic Lake System
Microplastic Lake System
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Microplastic Movement Factors (Lakes)
Microplastic Movement Factors (Lakes)
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Microplastic Soil Entry
Microplastic Soil Entry
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Lakes as Microplastic Systems
Lakes as Microplastic Systems
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Microplastic Movement Factors (Lakes)
Microplastic Movement Factors (Lakes)
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Microplastic Soil Entry
Microplastic Soil Entry
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Vegetated Sediment Retention
Vegetated Sediment Retention
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Sediment as Microplastic Sink
Sediment as Microplastic Sink
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River Microplastic Transport
River Microplastic Transport
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River Hydrologic Factors
River Hydrologic Factors
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Lake Water Movement
Lake Water Movement
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Atmospheric Microplastic Transport
Atmospheric Microplastic Transport
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Microplastic Water Concentration
Microplastic Water Concentration
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Microplastic Sediment Concentration
Microplastic Sediment Concentration
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Aquatic Ingestion
Aquatic Ingestion
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Microplastic impact on Daphnia
Microplastic impact on Daphnia
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Microplastic effect on Nematodes
Microplastic effect on Nematodes
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Microplastic impact on Zebrafish
Microplastic impact on Zebrafish
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BPA and Endocrine disruption
BPA and Endocrine disruption
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Microplastics & Pollutants
Microplastics & Pollutants
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Microplastics & Bacteria
Microplastics & Bacteria
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Microplastic River Transport
Microplastic River Transport
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Microplastic Lake Transport
Microplastic Lake Transport
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Atmospheric Microplastic Transport
Atmospheric Microplastic Transport
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Microplastic Water Concentration
Microplastic Water Concentration
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Microplastic Sediment Concentration
Microplastic Sediment Concentration
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Aquatic Ingestion
Aquatic Ingestion
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River Hydrologic Factors
River Hydrologic Factors
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Lake Water Movement
Lake Water Movement
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Microplastic Lake System
Microplastic Lake System
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Microplastic Movement Factors (Lakes)
Microplastic Movement Factors (Lakes)
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Microplastic Soil Entry
Microplastic Soil Entry
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Vegetated Sediment Retention
Vegetated Sediment Retention
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Sediment as Microplastic Sink
Sediment as Microplastic Sink
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River Microplastic Transport
River Microplastic Transport
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Microplastic in sediment and larvae
Microplastic in sediment and larvae
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Microplastic ingestion by fish
Microplastic ingestion by fish
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Microplastic concentration in fish
Microplastic concentration in fish
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Microplastics in sediment and larvae
Microplastics in sediment and larvae
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Molluscs and microplastics
Molluscs and microplastics
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Microbial colonization and lakes
Microbial colonization and lakes
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Toxic effects of microplastics
Toxic effects of microplastics
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Microplastic carrier effect
Microplastic carrier effect
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Anthropogenic disturbance
Anthropogenic disturbance
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Point source pollution
Point source pollution
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Microplastic impact on Daphnia
Microplastic impact on Daphnia
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Microplastic effect on Nematodes
Microplastic effect on Nematodes
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Microplastic impact on Zebrafish
Microplastic impact on Zebrafish
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BPA and Endocrine Disruption
BPA and Endocrine Disruption
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Microplastics & Pollutants
Microplastics & Pollutants
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Microplastics & Bacteria
Microplastics & Bacteria
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International Microplastic Regulations
International Microplastic Regulations
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International Macroplastic Regulations
International Macroplastic Regulations
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Stakeholder Roles
Stakeholder Roles
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EU Plastics Strategy (2018)
EU Plastics Strategy (2018)
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EU Single-Use Plastics Directive (2019)
EU Single-Use Plastics Directive (2019)
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France's 2020 anti-waste law
France's 2020 anti-waste law
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Microplastic releases from tires and textiles
Microplastic releases from tires and textiles
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EU Packaging Act (2019)
EU Packaging Act (2019)
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Targeted R&D funding (microplastics)
Targeted R&D funding (microplastics)
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Measuring microplastic emissions
Measuring microplastic emissions
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Microplastic Lake System
Microplastic Lake System
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Microplastic Movement Factors (Lakes)
Microplastic Movement Factors (Lakes)
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Microplastic Soil Entry
Microplastic Soil Entry
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Microplastic Definition
Microplastic Definition
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Microplastic Classification
Microplastic Classification
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Microplastic Origins (Household)
Microplastic Origins (Household)
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Microplastic Origins (Tire Abrasion)
Microplastic Origins (Tire Abrasion)
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Microplastic Origins (Industry)
Microplastic Origins (Industry)
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Microplastic Origins (Degradation)
Microplastic Origins (Degradation)
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Tourism's impact on microplastics
Tourism's impact on microplastics
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Microplastic types in effluent
Microplastic types in effluent
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Human exposure to microplastics
Human exposure to microplastics
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Aquatic microplastics in human health
Aquatic microplastics in human health
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Microplastic Source (largest)
Microplastic Source (largest)
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Microplastic Distribution (freshwater)
Microplastic Distribution (freshwater)
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Microplastic Spatial Factors
Microplastic Spatial Factors
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Microplastic Temporal Factors
Microplastic Temporal Factors
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Common Microplastic Types
Common Microplastic Types
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Microplastic Freshwater Concentration
Microplastic Freshwater Concentration
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Microplastic Distribution Factors (physical)
Microplastic Distribution Factors (physical)
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Microplastic Distribution Factors (weathering)
Microplastic Distribution Factors (weathering)
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Microplastic concentration in tap water
Microplastic concentration in tap water
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Microplastic concentration in bottled water
Microplastic concentration in bottled water
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Accumulation of microplastics in organisms
Accumulation of microplastics in organisms
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Microplastic transfer through the food chain
Microplastic transfer through the food chain
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Microplastics in domestic food
Microplastics in domestic food
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Annual microplastic ingestion
Annual microplastic ingestion
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Microplastic Exposure Routes
Microplastic Exposure Routes
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Microplastic Ingestion
Microplastic Ingestion
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Seafood Microplastic Source
Seafood Microplastic Source
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Annual Microplastic Intake (Mollusks)
Annual Microplastic Intake (Mollusks)
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Annual Microplastic Intake (Crustaceans)
Annual Microplastic Intake (Crustaceans)
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Annual Microplastic Intake (Fish)
Annual Microplastic Intake (Fish)
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Salt Microplastic Content: Sea Salt
Salt Microplastic Content: Sea Salt
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Salt Microplastic Content: Lake Salt
Salt Microplastic Content: Lake Salt
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Salt Microplastic Content: Rock/Well Salt
Salt Microplastic Content: Rock/Well Salt
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Tap Water Microplastic Size
Tap Water Microplastic Size
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Bottled Water Microplastic Size
Bottled Water Microplastic Size
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Drink Microplastic Size
Drink Microplastic Size
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Traditional Microplastic Removal Methods
Traditional Microplastic Removal Methods
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Microplastic Removal Efficiency
Microplastic Removal Efficiency
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Filter/Skimmer Maintenance
Filter/Skimmer Maintenance
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Reducing Microplastics
Reducing Microplastics
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Single-Use Plastic Leakage
Single-Use Plastic Leakage
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Microplastic Sources
Microplastic Sources
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Microplastic Mitigation
Microplastic Mitigation
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Plastic Packaging Reduction
Plastic Packaging Reduction
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Plastic Taxes/Fees
Plastic Taxes/Fees
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Microplastic Supply Chain
Microplastic Supply Chain
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Circular Economy Model
Circular Economy Model
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Zero Waste vs. Waste-to-Energy
Zero Waste vs. Waste-to-Energy
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Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs)
Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs)
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Community MRFs (Philippines)
Community MRFs (Philippines)
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Biodegradable Plastics
Biodegradable Plastics
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Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)
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Efficient Energy Management Systems
Efficient Energy Management Systems
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Filtration Systems for Microplastics
Filtration Systems for Microplastics
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Real-time Monitoring of Robotic Systems
Real-time Monitoring of Robotic Systems
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Autonomous Robotic Systems for Microplastic Cleanup
Autonomous Robotic Systems for Microplastic Cleanup
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Data Transmission and Analysis for Microplastic Studies
Data Transmission and Analysis for Microplastic Studies
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Predictive Modeling for Microplastic Mitigation
Predictive Modeling for Microplastic Mitigation
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TIR sensors
TIR sensors
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Autonomous robotic systems (ARS)
Autonomous robotic systems (ARS)
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Sensor fusion
Sensor fusion
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Computer vision algorithms
Computer vision algorithms
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Mapping algorithms
Mapping algorithms
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Path planning algorithms
Path planning algorithms
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Machine learning algorithms
Machine learning algorithms
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Capture Mechanisms
Capture Mechanisms
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Manipulation Systems
Manipulation Systems
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Energy Management
Energy Management
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Study Notes
Module Two, Session One
- Microplastic distribution across the environment is the topic.
- The course covers microplastic entry into water, soil, sediment.
- It also covers microplastic transport mechanisms in water and the atmosphere.
- Microplastic distribution in soil, sediment, and biota is explored.
- An assessment of the ecological impact of aquatic microplastics is included.
- Microplastics influx and deposition in rivers are linked to upstream land use, urban runoff, effluent discharge volumes, river hydraulics/morphology, population density, and industrialization surrounding a river.
- Barriers like dams and weirs influence microplastic concentration, composition, and transport in freshwater ecosystems.
- Other factors related to the polymer itself include size, shape, density, and the presence of organic/inorganic materials (like biofouling).
- Environmental factors influencing microplastic distribution in rivers include wind, currents, waves, and water density.
- Microplastic concentration in river systems varies spatially and temporally (e.g., high vs. low flows).
- Lakes are semi-closed systems for microplastics, found in sediments, open water, and departing through tributaries.
- Factors influencing microplastic movement in lakes include wind strength, wind direction, lake morphology, prevailing currents, and storm events.
- Microplastics enter soil through landfill dumping, plastic mulching, recycling wastewater sludge operations (organic fertilizer), and others.
- Vegetated sediments are more effective at retaining pollutants than bare soil, influenced by dense roots and rhizomes. Reduced water flow/turbulence and retention/accumulation of MPs are also factors.
- Transport, deposition in sediments, or availability to organisms is affected by aggregation to biofilms and encapsulation in sewage.
Module Two, Session Two
- International Microplastic and Macroplastic Regulations is the topic.
- The course covers international regulatory frameworks for microplastics, international regulatory frameworks for macroplastics, and stakeholder roles and enforcement.
- In March 2022, the UN Environment Assembly (UNEA) adopted a resolution to initiate intergovernmental negotiations for an international legally binding instrument to end plastic pollution.
- The full life-cycle approach is crucial for addressing plastic pollution. It significantly impacts ecosystems and human activities.
- The future instrument outlines sustainable plastic production, waste management, country-driven action plans, reporting mechanisms, and periodic assessments.
- The EU focuses on removing intentionally produced microplastics from consumer use and production chains.
- The US and Canada prioritize monitoring programs to better comprehend microplastic issues.
- Australia will collaborate with industry to implement microfiber filters on new residential and commercial washing machines by 2030.
- The 2018 EU Plastics Strategy aims to decrease unintentional microplastic releases from tyres and textiles. This includes developing ways to measure emissions, allocating funding for R&D, and setting minimum design requirements.
- France's 2020 anti-waste law mandates that all new professional and household washing machines must include a microfiber filter by January 2025.
- The EU's Plastics Strategy is part of the Circular Economy Plan and seeks to safeguard environmental and human health while supporting the SDGs.
- The EU Single-Use Plastics and Fishing Gear Directive (2019) requires 25% recycled material in PET bottles by 2025 and 30% by 2030. The Packaging Act (2019) stipulates that 63% of plastic packaging must be recycled by 2023.
- 37 African countries have some regulations on plastic bags. Enforcement faces challenges due to illegal trade and loopholes in regulations.
- Rwanda's success with plastic bag and single-use bans is attributed to rigorous enforcement. The South African government mandated a minimum of 50% recycled content in plastic carrier bags by 2027.
- An Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) has been formed to develop a binding instrument addressing plastic pollution by 2024.
- The High Ambition Coalition to End Plastic Pollution was launched in August 2022. Senegal is the only African nation in the 18-nation coalition.
- AFRIPAC aims to empower five African nations' negotiating skills for a strong Global Treaty on plastic pollution.
- Target states, including women and other stakeholders, will actively participate in the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) processes.
- Target States' plastic pollution efforts will incorporate Circular Economy principles into waste management practices.
- Legislation must address plastic production holistically, including design and disposal, as well as improve recycling and waste export. Enforcement should consider the full plastic lifecycle.
- Monitoring and reporting are needed to track material composition, use, and environmental impacts of plastic and microplastics. Circular economy implementation (with measures to limit and reduce plastic production, and address hazardous additives) is also crucial.
- Further capacity building, policy development, and financial support for developing countries are necessary. Existing international and regional agreements need to be more consistent and coordinated.
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Description
This quiz explores the distribution of microplastics across various environmental domains including water, soil, and sediment. It delves into factors affecting microplastic transport and ecological impacts, particularly in aquatic systems. Gain insights into the influence of land use, hydrology, and polymer properties on microplastic distribution.
