11 Questions
What is the main factor that determines the directivity of a microphone?
The shape of the capsule
What is the characteristic polar pattern of a pressure gradient microphone?
Figure-eight
How do sound sources arriving edge-on at the diaphragm affect a pressure gradient microphone?
They produce no pressure differential
What is the effect of partially closing the backside of a capsule in a microphone?
It creates a cardioid pattern
What is the name of the microphone type that responds to changes in pressure regardless of the direction of the sound source?
Omnidirectional microphone
What is the primary reason for the figure-eight directivity pattern of a pressure gradient microphone?
The diaphragm is exposed to the incident sound from both sides
What is the main function of the interference tube in a microphone?
To change the directivity pattern of the microphone
In what way do the inner elements of a microphone affect its directivity?
They alter the structural shape of the capsule
What is the difference between a pressure gradient microphone and a pressure transducer microphone?
The former has a closed capsule on one side, while the latter has an open capsule
How do the polar patterns of microphones relate to their capsule design?
Different patterns are achieved by combining the effects of closed and open capsules in various ways
What is the significance of the diaphragm in a microphone?
It responds to the pressure differential between its two sides
Study Notes
Capsule Design and Directivity
- The shape of the microphone defines its directivity, with inner elements such as the structural shape of the capsule playing a major role.
- Outer elements, including the interference tube, can also influence directivity.
Pressure Gradient Microphones
- In pressure gradient microphones, both sides of the diaphragm are exposed to incident sound, making the microphone responsive to pressure differential (gradient) between the two sides of the membrane.
- Sound sources arriving edge-on at the diaphragm produce no pressure differential, resulting in a figure-eight, or bi-directional pattern.
- Pressure gradient microphones respond to the pressure difference between the two sides of the diaphragm.
Pressure Transducer Microphones
- In pressure transducer microphones, the capsule is closed on one side, resulting in an omnidirectional pattern that responds to changes in pressure regardless of direction to the source.
Polar Patterns
- Combining pressure gradient and pressure transducer effects in different ways creates various polar patterns.
- The cardioid pattern, for example, features a partially closed backside.
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Learn about the importance of microphone design, including the shape of the capsule and its inner elements, and how it affects directivity. Discover how pressure gradient microphones work and how they respond to sound sources.
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