Microorganisms in Food Science

False (B)

Cell type or growth capability.

<p>Binary Fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria = Yes Yeast = Yes Viruses = No Parasites = No</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lag Phase, Log Phase, Stationary Phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerobic conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asexual reproduction in prokaryotes where the single circular chromosome replicates and the cell splits into two identical daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>prophage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 = Domain 2 = Kingdom 3 = Phylum 4 = Class 5 = Order 6 = Family 7 = Genus 8 = Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9 log CFU/mL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20°C to 30°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>harsh</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microaerophiles = Require low levels of oxygen Aerotolerant anaerobes = Do not use oxygen but can survive in its presence Facultative anaerobes = Can grow with or without oxygen Obligate aerobes = Require oxygen to grow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychrophiles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>37°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

Facultative anaerobes grow faster in aerobic conditions because oxygen allows them to generate more ATP through aerobic respiration compared to fermentation or anaerobic respiration.

Binary fission is asexual reproduction in prokaryotes with a single circular chromosome replicating. It splits into two identical daughter cells. Mitosis is cell division in eukaryotes with multiple chromosomes and distinct stages (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) for accurate chromosome segregation.

Prokaryotes typically have one single, circular chromosome. Eukaryotes have multiple, linear chromosomes located within a nucleus.

Viruses don't have chromosomes; they contain genetic material as DNA or RNA enclosed within a protein capsid.

A prophage is a viral DNA integrated into a bacterial genome during the lysogenic cycle of a bacteriophage. It can encode toxins, antimicrobial resistance, or other virulence factors, making the bacteria more pathogenic.

A single-celled organism without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria.

A single-celled or multicellular organism with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, such as yeast and mold.

Asexual reproduction in bacteria where a single cell splits into two identical daughter cells.

Asexual reproduction in yeast where a new cell grows as an outgrowth from the parent cell.

Asexual reproduction in mold where specialized cells called spores are produced for dispersal and survival.

The initial phase of bacterial growth where cells adapt to their environment and prepare for division.

The phase of bacterial growth where the population increases exponentially due to rapid cell division.

The phase of bacterial growth where the rate of cell division equals the rate of cell death due to limited resources and waste accumulation.

Stage of bacterial growth where the death rate exceeds the growth rate, caused by exhaustion of resources and toxic buildup.

The highest concentration of bacteria achievable in a food environment, typically around 9 log CFU/mL (10^9 CFU/mL).

Most foodborne pathogens are mesophiles (37°C optimal) and facultative anaerobes (can grow with or without oxygen).

Endospores germinate into vegetative cells when favourable conditions return.

Flagella allow bacteria to move towards nutrients (chemotaxis) or away from harmful substances (negative chemotaxis).