Microbiology Midterm 3

High nutrient levels.

Limnetic zone.

They assist benthic-dwelling fish in attracting and capturing prey.

<p>Archaea, particularly Crenarchaeota.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They require low light and anoxic conditions for photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An extremophile is an organism that thrives in extreme environmental conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hot springs and salt flats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symbiosis is a close, long-term interaction between two different biological species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycorrhiza is a type of fungal association with plant roots that enhances nutrient uptake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endomycorrhizae penetrate the root cells while ectomycorrhizae form a sheath around the outside of the roots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glomus species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pinus (pine trees).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It should have a clear introduction, detailed methods, results without discussion, and an integrating discussion section.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extremophiles are microorganisms that live in extreme conditions, such as high pH, temperature, and salinity. They typically thrive in environments like hot springs and salt lakes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In mutualism, both organisms benefit, while in commensalism, one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two types of mycorrhizae are endomycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are millions of bacteria per gram of soil because they play essential roles in nutrient cycling and the decomposition of organic matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microorganisms oxidize and reduce elements to meet their metabolic needs, thereby recycling these elements in biogeochemical cycles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metagenomics is a tool that uses rRNA genes to analyze microbiomes, aiming to detail microbial populations in various environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example of a parasitic relationship is a disease-causing microbe that derives nutrients at the expense of its host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ultraviolet rays range from 380 nm to 10 nm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Waterborne diseases are transmitted through water contaminated by sewage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tuberculosis is an example of a disease spread through airborne transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This is known as mechanical transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zoonoses are typically transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malaria transmitted by Anopheline mosquitoes is an example of biological transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contact transmission occurs when pathogens are spread through physical interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Airborne pathogens can spread diseases over great distances, increasing outbreak risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He mapped the occurrence of cholera in London.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He showed that handwashing decreased the incidence of puerperal sepsis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>She showed that improved sanitation decreased the incidence of epidemic typhus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two types are descriptive epidemiology and analytical epidemiology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves testing hypotheses through controlled experiments, such as clinical trials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fecal coliforms are specifically associated with fecal contamination, indicating a higher level of health risk from pathogens compared to total coliforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alum binds with colloidal particles to form larger aggregates (flocs) that can then settle out of the water during sedimentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary sewage treatment aims to remove solids from wastewater, reducing the overall solid content and sludge formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary sewage treatment typically removes 25-35% of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In an activated sludge system, air is pumped through wastewater, promoting the growth of aerobic microorganisms that metabolize organic matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trickling filters allow sewage to be sprayed over a bed of rocks or plastic, where aerobic microbes form biofilms and help to degrade organic matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sewage is typically disinfected by chlorination prior to its release into water bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaerobic sludge digesters break down organic solids in the sludge, producing methane and carbon dioxide through the activity of anaerobic bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Septic tanks are used for primary sewage treatment in sparsely populated areas for their cost-effectiveness and simplicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tertiary sewage treatment is designed to remove remaining BOD, nitrogen, and phosphorus effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers