Microorganisms and Metals for Growth
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Questions and Answers

Which term is used to describe all chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state of cells and the organism?

  • Anabolism
  • Nutrition
  • Catabolism
  • Metabolism (correct)

What is the primary function of catabolism in metabolic reactions?

  • Stabilize ribosomes, membranes, and nucleic acids
  • Synthesize nucleic acids and phospholipids
  • Build larger molecules using energy
  • Break molecular structures down and release energy (correct)

What is the role of sulfur in bacterial cells?

  • Helps stabilize cell walls
  • Required for enzyme activity
  • Key element in proteins and nucleic acids
  • Present in amino acids like cysteine and methionine (correct)

Which macronutrient is required by enzymes for activity?

<p>Potassium (K) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of calcium in microbes?

<p>Helps stabilize cell walls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do micronutrients play in microbial physiology?

<p>Act as cofactors for enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dye is typically used to stain endospores in the classical endospore-staining protocol?

<p>Malachite green (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are endospores typically observed in cells that have been stained with basic dyes?

<p>As unstained regions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which genera of bacteria are endospores typically formed?

<p>Nearly 20 genera (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is significant about the capacity to produce endospores from a phylogenetic perspective?

<p>It is found only in a specific sublineage of gram-positive bacteria. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria exhibit diverse physiologies despite their capacity to form endospores?

<p>Endospore-forming bacteria include anaerobes, aerobes, phototrophs, and chemolithotrophs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of following aseptic technique in microbiology?

<p>To prevent contamination during manipulations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are airborne contaminants mentioned as a common problem in laboratories?

<p>Because laboratory air contains microorganisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of endospores in bacterial survival?

<p>To function as survival structures in unfavorable conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the bacterial life cycle does an endospore represent?

<p>Dormant stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do endospores form in bacteria?

<p>When growth ceases due to lack of essential nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows an endospore to remain dormant for extended periods?

<p>Resistance to unfavorable conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major role of iron in cellular respiration?

<p>Acting as a key component of cytochromes and Fe-S proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under anoxic conditions, in which form is iron generally found?

<p>Ferrous (Fe2+) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do cells produce to obtain iron from insoluble mineral forms?

<p>Siderophores (iron-binding agents) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organic compounds are required in small amounts by certain organisms?

<p>Vitamins, amino acids, purines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are culture media in the context of growing microorganisms?

<p>Nutrient solutions used to grow microorganisms in the laboratory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes defined media from complex media?

<p>Exact composition is known for defined media (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using enriched medium in microbiological culture?

<p>To culture fastidious microorganisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a selective medium differ from a differential medium in microbiological culture?

<p>Selective medium inhibits some microbes but not others, while differential medium contains indicators to detect reactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to know the nutritional requirements of a microbe in microbiological culture?

<p>To supply proper nutrients in a culture medium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding agar to solid media in microbiological culture?

<p>To immobilize cells and allow visible colony growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of aseptic technique in microbiological culture?

<p>To prevent unwanted organisms from entering the culture media (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a pure culture in microbiology?

<p>A culture with only one kind of microbe present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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