Microorganisms Week 1 Notes
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Questions and Answers

What are the primary components of life's diversity?

  • Invisible organic compounds
  • Small plants and animals
  • Microbes and prokaryotes (correct)
  • Large multicellular organisms

How long have microorganisms been on Earth based on the fossil record?

  • 3+ billion years (correct)
  • 500 million years
  • 1 billion years
  • 100 million years

Where does half of the photosynthesis and productivity on Earth come from?

  • Ocean microorganisms (correct)
  • Atmospheric gases
  • Aquatic mammals
  • Land plants

What is the significance of microorganisms in medical importance?

<p>They are the source of most antibodies and antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the human microbiome?

<p>A description of all the microbes living on or in a human at a given time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are microorganisms globally significant?

<p>They contribute to half of Earth's oxygen production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial function of the cell membrane in Prokaryotic cells?

<p>Formation of a proton gradient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport requires the cell to expend energy to push molecules into regions where they are more concentrated?

<p>Active transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is distinctive to Bacteria?

<p>Peptidoglycan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which domain of Prokaryotes is distinctively known for having a peptidoglycan cell wall?

<p>Bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What staining technique led to the classification of bacteria into gram-positive and gram-negative?

<p>Gram staining (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the bacterial flagellum?

<p>Motility structure for swimming (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the outer leaflet of the Gram-negative cell envelope?

<p>LPS (lipopolysaccharide) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of porins in the Gram-negative cell envelope?

<p>Allowing small molecules across the outer membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the periplasm located in the bacterial cell?

<p>Between the cell membrane and outer membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which components are distinctive to the Gram-positive cell envelope?

<p>Capsule and S-layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the basic envelope architecture of most bacteria?

<p>Presence of a peptidoglycan wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of bacterial flagella?

<p>Swimming locomotion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical roles of Pili and Fimbriae?

<p>Adhesion to surfaces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the site of protein synthesis in Prokaryotic cells?

<p>Cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do storage granules in Prokaryotes primarily store?

<p>Energy/nutrient reserves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do most Prokaryotic cells reproduce?

<p>Binary fission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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