Microorganisms Week 1 Notes

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What are the primary components of life's diversity?

Invisible organic compounds

Small plants and animals

Microbes and prokaryotes (correct)

Large multicellular organisms

How long have microorganisms been on Earth based on the fossil record?

3+ billion years (correct)

500 million years

1 billion years

100 million years

Where does half of the photosynthesis and productivity on Earth come from?

Ocean microorganisms (correct)

Atmospheric gases

Aquatic mammals

Land plants

What is the significance of microorganisms in medical importance?

They are the source of most antibodies and antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is the human microbiome?

A description of all the microbes living on or in a human at a given time Signup and view all the answers

Why are microorganisms globally significant?

They contribute to half of Earth's oxygen production Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial function of the cell membrane in Prokaryotic cells?

Formation of a proton gradient Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport requires the cell to expend energy to push molecules into regions where they are more concentrated?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

What is distinctive to Bacteria?

Peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

Which domain of Prokaryotes is distinctively known for having a peptidoglycan cell wall?

Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What staining technique led to the classification of bacteria into gram-positive and gram-negative?

Gram staining Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the bacterial flagellum?

Motility structure for swimming Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the outer leaflet of the Gram-negative cell envelope?

LPS (lipopolysaccharide) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of porins in the Gram-negative cell envelope?

Allowing small molecules across the outer membrane Signup and view all the answers

Where is the periplasm located in the bacterial cell?

Between the cell membrane and outer membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which components are distinctive to the Gram-positive cell envelope?

Capsule and S-layer Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the basic envelope architecture of most bacteria?

Presence of a peptidoglycan wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of bacterial flagella?

Swimming locomotion Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical roles of Pili and Fimbriae?

Adhesion to surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Where is the site of protein synthesis in Prokaryotic cells?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What do storage granules in Prokaryotes primarily store?

Energy/nutrient reserves Signup and view all the answers

How do most Prokaryotic cells reproduce?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers