Microorganisms and Diseases Quiz
88 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which immune cells are highlighted as major players involved in immune defense against tuberculosis?

  • Dendritic cells and NK cells
  • Macrophages and CD4+ T cells (correct)
  • Macrophages and CD8+ T cells
  • Neutrophils and B cells

    • What is a key strategy used by M. tuberculosis to circumvent immune responses?

  • Escaping from the host cell
  • Promoting lysosome fusion
  • Preventing fusion with lysosome (correct)
  • Stimulating rapid phagocytosis

    • Which bacterium is highlighted as a facultative intracellular pathogen in the text?

  • M.tuberculosis (correct)
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • N.gonorrhaeae
  • N.meningitidis

    • What is a characteristic feature of Mycoplasma pneumoniae based on the text?

    <p>Causes walking pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium causes meningitis and has sialic acid to avoid complement?

    <p>N.meningitidis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen inhibits mucosal removal by releasing Tracheal Cytotoxin (TCT) from its cell wall?

    <p>Chlamydia psittaci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen causes Whooping cough?

    <p>Bordetella pertussis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen utilizes molecular mimicry to cause systemic lupus and erythematosus?

    <p>Burkholderia spp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen demonstrates cell-to-cell spread during infection?

    <p>Chlamydia psittaci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen employs adhesion, invasion, and intracellular growth to cause Gullian-Barre-Syndrome?

    <p>Campylobacter jejuni</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that follows after Chlamydia-induced actin remodeling that facilitates entry into the host cell cytoplasm?

    <p>EBs become internalized into endocytic vacuoles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms utilizes nutrients within the host cytoplasm, replicates, and then converts back to the infectious form when reaching a critical volume?

    <p>Clostridioides difficile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections and is currently treated with antibiotics but shows a potential risk of antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Clostridioides difficile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial species is known for causing food poisoning, gas gangrene, and secreting multiple exotoxins including α-toxin, β-toxin, ε-toxin, and ι-toxin?

    <p>Clostridium perfringens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism causes bacterial vaginosis and belongs to the Actinobacteria phylum?

    <p>Gardnerella vaginalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of reticulate bodies (RB) in the Chlamydia infection process?

    <p>Replicate and utilize nutrients within the host cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the conversion of reticulate bodies (RB) back to infectious extracellular forms (EB) in Chlamydia infection?

    <p>Critical volume reached by the RB-filled inclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of Chlamydia resembles a non-infectious replicative form known as the reticulate body (RB)?

    <p>Utilization of nutrients within the host cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After reaching a critical volume, what process leads to the release of extracellular bodies (EB) during Chlamydia infection?

    <p>Host cell lysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event occurs after infectious extracellular bodies (EBs) attach to adjacent host cells during Chlamydia infection?

    <p>Initiation of another round of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium evades host-mediated killing by having sialic acid to avoid complement?

    <p>Klebsiella pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium causes a severe form of pneumonia known as Legionnaire’s disease and is found in fresh water?

    <p>Legionella pneumophila</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is an obligate intracellular pathogen responsible for causing leprosy?

    <p>Mycobacterium leprae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria survive inside immune cells such as macrophages?

    <p>Legionella pneumophila</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium has a capsule as an important virulence factor in its infection process?

    <p>Legionella pneumophila</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is associated with membrane ruffling and trigger mechanism involving T3SS1 effector molecules?

    <p>Shigella dysenteriae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is known for causing opportunistic nosocomial pneumonia and sepsis?

    <p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is capable of forming a vacuole in macrophages by reprogramming endosomal traffic?

    <p>Salmonella Typhimurium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is unique due to its Vi antigen that inhibits phagocytosis and confers serum resistance?

    <p>Salmonella Typho</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is a common cause of food poisoning and produces hydrogen sulfide (H2S)?

    <p>Salmonella enterica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial toxin targets Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum to increase Cl- efflux and decrease Na+ influx in host cells?

    <p>Cholera Toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial pathogen is best studied using ancient DNA analysis and is the causative agent of plague?

    <p>Yersinia Pestis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium uses a superantigen mechanism of action and activates the immune response?

    <p>Streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary habitat of Vibrio cholerae?

    <p>Brackish or saltwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium causes diseases like pharyngitis, scarlet fever, impetigo, and necrotising fasciitis?

    <p>Streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial pathogen encodes multiple virulence factors and uses molecular mimicry to target host heart myosin?

    <p>Streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial pathogen employs a high salt concentration to inhibit most bacteria except itself on Mannitol salt agar?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bacterial genus does not exhibit catalase activity except for Staphylococcus aureus?

    <p>Streptococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial pathogen causes rat bite fever and Haverhill fever?

    <p>Streptobacillus moniliformis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium causes a rare but severe bacterial infection associated with significant damage to deep soft tissue structures like muscle and connective tissues?

    <p>Streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms can be associated with adult GI parasitism according to the text?

    <p>Impaired growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication combination is recommended for treating Ascaris infection?

    <p>Albendazole and ivermectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you differentiate Necator from Ancylostoma based on the morphology mentioned in the text?

    <p>Presence of cutting plates or teeth in the buccal capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of N. americanus as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Has a characteristic shape of letter 'S'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is NOT associated with larval migration of parasitic worms according to the text?

    <p>Lactose intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential impact of larval migration on physical fitness according to the text?

    <p>Reduced physical endurance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding Old world hookworms compared to Necator hookworms?

    <p>Old world hookworms have a more widespread distribution than Necator hookworms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route of infection for cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) caused by zoonotic infections?

    <p>Percutaneous larval invasion through the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti?

    <p>Filariasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vector responsible for transmitting Wuchereria bancrofti to humans?

    <p>Mosquitoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which filarial worm accounts for over 90% of all disease cases related to filarial infections?

    <p>Wuchereria bancrofti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic visible manifestation of diseases caused by Brugia malayi?

    <p>Scrotal swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main intermediate host for Dracunculus medinensis?

    <p>Copepod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathology associated with Dracunculus medinensis infections?

    <p>Ulcers and blisters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can Dracunculus medinensis infections be effectively treated?

    <p>Worm extraction by wrapping around a stick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is eradicating Dracunculus medinensis challenging?

    <p>Behavioral and environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main group that N. americanus belongs to?

    <p>Nematodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do N. americanus larvae typically infect humans?

    <p>Via skin penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature used to differentiate Ancylostoma from Necator based on the text?

    <p>Presence of cutting plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms associated with larval migration according to the text?

    <p>Impaired growth, physical fitness, and cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anthelminthic therapy combination is effective for curing Ascaris infection based on the text?

    <p>Albendazole plus ivermectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe the lung condition caused by larval migration of parasitic worms according to the text?

    <p>Verminous pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale?

    <p>Buccal morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection is effectively treated with a combination of Albendazole and ivermectin?

    <p>Hookworm infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Old world hookworms compare to Necator hookworms based on medical and veterinary importance?

    <p>They have a higher prevalence and more zoonotic species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of percutaneous larval invasion in zoonotic infections according to the text?

    <p>It allows larvae to travel aimlessly within the host body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of filarial infections, what role do mosquitoes play?

    <p>They serve as intermediate hosts for the larval development of certain parasitic roundworms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Dracunculus medinensis among filarial infections discussed in the text?

    <p>Formation of painful blisters and ulcers in infected individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes N. americanus compared to other parasitic worms mentioned in the text?

    <p>It exhibits a unique C-shaped morphology different from other hookworms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most accurate statement regarding Ancylostoma spp. larval invasion based on the text?

    <p>Zoonotic infections involve larval migration when people walk over sand contaminated with animal feces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Dracunculus medinensis primarily reproduce within the human host?

    <p>By producing offspring through sexual reproduction in subcutaneous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with Dracunculus medinensis infections?

    <p>Localized pain at the infected area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective method for treating dracunculiasis caused by Dracunculus medinensis?

    <p>Extracting the worm by wrapping it around a stick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Dracunculus medinensis eradication challenging?

    <p>Lack of effective anti-parasitic drugs or vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which host does Dracunculus medinensis mainly mature and reproduce?

    <p>Final host: Human</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Dracunculus medinensis infections that leads to ulcers and blisters?

    <p>Fertilized worm migrating into skin and discharging larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is commonly associated with N. americanus adult GI parasitism according to the text?

    <p>Intestinal obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Dracunculus medinensis infections from other parasitic worm infections discussed in the text?

    <p>Larval migration causing verminous pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic differentiates N. americanus from Ancylostoma, based on the text?

    <p>Cutting plates in the buccal capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment challenge is specifically associated with Dracunculus medinensis infections?

    <p>Inaccessibility of parasites in deep tissue structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes N. americanus larval invasion unique compared to other hookworms discussed in the text?

    <p>Larval invasion through skin penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Dracunculus medinensis primarily impact physical fitness according to the text?

    <p>Causes impaired physical fitness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable difference between N. americanus and A. duodenale mentioned in the text?

    <p>N. americanus larva can infect humans through the skin, while A. duodenale larva infect through ingestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes Dracunculus medinensis particularly challenging to eradicate, as highlighted in the text?

    <p>The ability of Dracunculus medinensis larvae to survive for extended periods outside of a host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the impact of larval migration on physical fitness based on the text?

    <p>Larval migration can result in muscle damage and impaired mobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do people need to be cautious when walking barefoot over sand where cats/dogs have defecated, according to the text?

    <p>To prevent cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) caused by zoonotic larval invasion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Necator americanus larval invasion from Ancylostoma spp., as indicated in the text?

    <p>Necator americanus larvae enter the human body through ingestion, while Ancylostoma spp. larvae penetrate the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of larval release during Chlamydia infection is analogous to the phenomenon seen in Dracunculus medinensis infections?

    <p>Reticulate bodies (RB) convert to extracellular bodies (EB) after reaching a critical volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser