Questions and Answers
What is the maximum principal amount for microfinance loans as defined in the regulations?
Which circular established the regulatory framework for microfinance and introduced the cash flow-based approach in lending?
What is the primary characteristic of the Group Lending Model?
What requirement does Circular No. 694 (2010) impose on microfinance-oriented banks?
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What is one of the key responsibilities of the Microfinance NGO Regulatory Council (MNRC)?
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Which microfinance model emphasizes community ownership and self-governance?
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What does the Microfinance NGOs Act (RA 10693) provide?
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In the Individual Lending Model, how are loans determined for borrowers?
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What is one of the roles of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) regarding microfinance?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the Village Banking model?
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Which microfinance model is most suitable for borrowers seeking larger amounts?
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What does Circular No. 272 (2001) from BSP specifically address?
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Which microfinance model is commonly associated with FINCA?
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What is one primary objective of the law regarding microfinance NGOs?
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How have the regulations impacted financial access for underserved populations?
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What aspect of MFIs has improved due to regulatory reporting requirements?
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What challenges do smaller MFIs face due to regulations?
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What is a crucial component of the operational framework for MFIs?
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How do prudential regulations affect the sustainability of MFIs?
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Which organization is cited as an example of a well-governed MFI?
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What is the mission of microfinance institutions as defined in their operational framework?
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What is a primary purpose of benchmarking performance for MFIs?
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Which aspect is essential for effective cash management in MFIs?
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How do MFIs commonly utilize technology in their operations?
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What is an example of a technology used by some MFIs?
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Why is human resource development important for MFIs?
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What strategy do MFIs implement to reach underserved populations?
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What is a benefit of conducting training sessions for MFI staff?
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What kind of disbursement method is emphasized for enhancing cash control?
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What is the primary purpose of operational policies in microfinance institutions (MFIs)?
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Which component is essential for effective financial management in MFIs?
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What does effective financial management include for MFIs?
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Which financial statement is NOT typically prepared by MFIs for financial reporting?
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Why is monitoring actual performance against the budget important for MFIs?
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How should MFIs recognize interest income according to accounting principles?
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What is a key aspect of calculating and analyzing financial ratios in MFIs?
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What does comprehensive planning in budgeting for MFIs involve?
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Study Notes
Microfinance Models
- Three primary microfinance models cater to diverse needs of low-income individuals: Group Lending Model (Grameen), Individual Lending Model (ASA), and Village Banking Model (FINCA).
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Group Lending Model:
- Comprises 4-7 members guaranteeing each other's loans.
- Promotes accountability and mutual support.
- Commonly practiced by Grameen Bank and FINCA.
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Village Banking Model:
- Involves small groups of 25-50 members managing their own banks.
- Provides small loans for business initiation or expansion.
- Emphasizes community ownership and self-governance.
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Individual Lending Model:
- Loans provided based on individual creditworthiness.
- Borrowers are solely responsible for repayment.
- Typically used for larger loans suited for established businesses.
Philippine Regulatory Framework for Microfinance
- The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) regulates the microfinance sector in the Philippines to enhance growth and development.
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Circular No. 272 (2001):
- Defines microfinance loans as small loans for basic sectors.
- Caps maximum principal amount of microfinance loans at ₱150,000.
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Circular No. 364 (2003):
- Establishes a regulatory framework recognizing cash flow-based lending and group guarantees as collateral.
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Circular No. 694 (2010):
- Guidelines for establishing microfinance-oriented banks.
- Mandates at least 50% of loan portfolios for microfinance.
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Circular No. 744 (2012):
- Enhances reporting requirements for banks on microfinance operations.
Microfinance NGOs Act (RA 10693)
- Passed in 2015 to formalize the regulatory environment for microfinance NGOs.
- Mandates registration with the Microfinance NGO Regulatory Council (MNRC), ensuring compliance with transparency and accountability standards.
Impact of Regulations on Microfinance Institutions (MFIs)
- Increased access to financial services due to regulatory support, benefiting the unbanked population.
- Enhanced governance and transparency in MFIs, fostering client and investor confidence.
- Strengthened financial sustainability through prudential regulations, yet smaller MFIs struggle with compliance costs and administrative burdens.
Operational Framework of MFIs
- Establishes essential policies, processes, and systems for effective service delivery.
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Governance Structure:
- Maintained by a board of directors ensuring compliance and strategic oversight, exemplified by the Center for Agriculture and Rural Development (CARD).
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Operational Policies and Procedures:
- Guide lending practices and risk management, standardized for consistency; BRAC in Bangladesh is a model with detailed guidelines.
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Financial Management:
- Essential for sustainability; comprises budgeting, financial reporting, and performance monitoring.
- Key financial ratios calculated for performance assessment.
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Technology Integration:
- Utilization of mobile banking and client management software to streamline operations and improve service delivery, like Konek2CARD’s online platform.
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Human Resource Development:
- Training programs enhance staff skills in client service and financial literacy; CARD NGO invests in regular staff training.
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Client Outreach and Engagement:
- Strategies like community engagement and awareness campaigns to reach underserved populations effectively.
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Description
This quiz covers the various microfinance models, focusing on the Group Lending Model, Individual Lending Model, and Village Banking Model. It provides insights into their distinctive features and comparative analysis to understand their applicability in different contexts. Assess your understanding of these models and their impact on low-income communities.
