Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match the following organizations with their primary role in microfinance in Vietnam:
Match the following organizations with their primary role in microfinance in Vietnam:
Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development = State-owned bank offering microfinance services TYM = Leading formal provider of financial services to the poor People’s Credit Fund = Provider of microfinance services Asian Development Bank = Investor in microfinance initiatives
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Account Receivable = Money owed to a company by its customers Account Payable = Money a company owes to its suppliers Microfinance = Financial services to low-income clients Consultations = Meetings to review training material
Match the following statistics with their significance:
Match the following statistics with their significance:
21% adult population = Percentage with access to formal financial services in Vietnam 16 trained loan officers = Number of officers trained to teach modules Free of charge training = Characteristic of TYM training sessions Weekly meetings = Frequency of consultations for borrowers
Match the following training methods with their examples:
Match the following training methods with their examples:
Match the following microfinance institutions with their characteristics:
Match the following microfinance institutions with their characteristics:
Match the following events with their purposes:
Match the following events with their purposes:
Match the modules with their main focus:
Match the modules with their main focus:
Match the following key concepts with their definitions:
Match the following key concepts with their definitions:
Match the following banks with their focus areas:
Match the following banks with their focus areas:
Match the statements regarding beliefs and control:
Match the statements regarding beliefs and control:
Match the types of data collection time points:
Match the types of data collection time points:
Match the types of beliefs assessed in the study:
Match the types of beliefs assessed in the study:
Match the data analysis aspects with their roles:
Match the data analysis aspects with their roles:
Match the scoring method to the belief assessment:
Match the scoring method to the belief assessment:
Match the training consequences with lending branches:
Match the training consequences with lending branches:
Match the conditions explored in the study:
Match the conditions explored in the study:
Match the following microfinance institutions with their characteristics:
Match the following microfinance institutions with their characteristics:
Match the following types of support offered by the TYM fund:
Match the following types of support offered by the TYM fund:
Match the following groups involved in the training program:
Match the following groups involved in the training program:
Match the following years with their significance:
Match the following years with their significance:
Match the following loan data with their figures:
Match the following loan data with their figures:
Match the following research methods used in the study:
Match the following research methods used in the study:
Match the following financial services with their descriptions:
Match the following financial services with their descriptions:
Match the following stakeholders in microfinance:
Match the following stakeholders in microfinance:
Match the following groups of female borrowers with their corresponding training conditions:
Match the following groups of female borrowers with their corresponding training conditions:
Match the following attrition statistics with their corresponding figures:
Match the following attrition statistics with their corresponding figures:
Match the following measurements with their attrition rates:
Match the following measurements with their attrition rates:
Match the following groups of female borrowers with their number at midline:
Match the following groups of female borrowers with their number at midline:
Match the following attrition statistics with their end line returns:
Match the following attrition statistics with their end line returns:
Match the following end line attrition figures with their corresponding values:
Match the following end line attrition figures with their corresponding values:
Match the following p-values with their significance levels:
Match the following p-values with their significance levels:
Match the following measurements of additional borrowers with their training categories:
Match the following measurements of additional borrowers with their training categories:
Match the following descriptive statistics with their corresponding variables for female borrowers:
Match the following descriptive statistics with their corresponding variables for female borrowers:
Match the following variables with their descriptive statistics for female borrowers receiving training with husbands:
Match the following variables with their descriptive statistics for female borrowers receiving training with husbands:
Match the following variables with their means for female borrowers receiving training individually:
Match the following variables with their means for female borrowers receiving training individually:
Match the following variables with their means for female borrowers receiving only a loan:
Match the following variables with their means for female borrowers receiving only a loan:
Match the following descriptive statistics with the range for female borrowers receiving training with husbands:
Match the following descriptive statistics with the range for female borrowers receiving training with husbands:
Match the following test statistics with the corresponding conditions:
Match the following test statistics with the corresponding conditions:
Match the following variables with their standard deviations for female borrowers receiving training with husbands:
Match the following variables with their standard deviations for female borrowers receiving training with husbands:
Match the following variables with their ranges for female borrowers receiving training individually:
Match the following variables with their ranges for female borrowers receiving training individually:
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Study Notes
Microfinance in Vietnam
- Access to formal financial services in Vietnam is low, with only 21% of the adult population able to access them (2014 IFC).
- Microfinance services are prevalent, primarily provided by two state-owned banks: Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development and Vietnam Bank for Social Policies (2014 ADB).
- Other notable microfinance providers include the People's Credit Fund, TYM, and M7-MFI, with significant services aimed at the underprivileged.
- As of 2015, 28 financial service providers supported 7.5 million borrowers, with total loan amounts of $6.7 billion (2017 MIX Market).
- TYM, established in 1992 by the Vietnam Women’s Union, operates in 56 districts and serves 119,653 borrowers, with over 906 billion Vietnamese Dong in outstanding loans (~$39 million).
Training and Workshops
- TYM trained 16 loan officers at headquarters who later delivered training across multiple centers using diverse teaching methods such as role-playing and visual aids.
- Training sessions were both free and voluntary, providing clients access to ongoing support and consultations at weekly loan repayment meetings.
- A study compared the empowerment effects of training for female borrowers who received individual training versus those whose husbands participated as well, incentivized by financial compensation.
Research Design and Data Collection
- The study was conducted on 187 lending centers across branches in Vinh Phúc and Hà N I, using a random assignment into three conditions regarding access to loans and training.
- Data was collected at three measurement points: baseline (2011), midline (2013), and endline (2013).
- Each measured participant's internal locus of control using a scoring system based on beliefs about personal agency.
Key Demographics and Statistical Insights
- Average age of participants ranged between 43 and 44 years across different treatment groups.
- Nearly all participants were married, with household sizes averaging around 4.7 individuals.
- Control beliefs measured had an average score of around 1.8, indicating a slight internal locus of control.
- The calculation of attrition rates revealed a range from 12% to 16% across different training conditions, indicating variation in participant retention.
Overview of Study Variables
- Control variables included age, educational level, marital status, and household size, all showing similar characteristics across training conditions.
- P-values from regression analysis support that groups were statistically similar at baseline, validating the experimental design.
Conclusion
- The module covered various critical skills related to financial management, including accounts receivable/payable and cost calculations, impacting participants' economic empowerment and understanding of financial systems.
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