Microeconomics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

A good with an income elasticity of demand (YED) of -0.7 is best described as:

  • A luxury good
  • A Giffen good
  • A normal necessity
  • An inferior good (correct)

What is the direct impact of a subsidy on electric vehicles on the supply curve?

  • Shift the supply curve right (correct)
  • Shift the demand curve left
  • Increase equilibrium price
  • Cause a movement along the supply curve

Which of these is NOT a defining characteristic of public goods?

  • Government provision
  • Rivalry (correct)
  • Non-excludability
  • Free-rider problem

In the short run, a firm's supply is likely to be inelastic primarily due to:

<p>Fixed capital (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would the Engel curve for rice likely depict in a developing economy?

<p>Gentle upward slope (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor would generally increase the price elasticity of supply for a product?

<p>Inventory stockpiles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary objective of a tax levied on cigarettes is to address which of these?

<p>Negative externality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a mixed economy, resource allocation primarily relies on:

<p>Both market and planning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios would illustrate the concept of opportunity cost?

<p>A government providing free healthcare to all citizens. (A), A farmer choosing to grow wheat instead of corn due to higher market prices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A country's economy is operating on its Production Possibility Curve (PPC). What does this imply?

<p>The country is experiencing full employment of its resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors would lead to a shift inward of the Production Possibility Curve (PPC)?

<p>A significant natural disaster destroying agricultural land. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following goods is an example of a merit good?

<p>A government-provided vaccination program. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A country implements a policy of strict environmental regulations on manufacturing industries. This policy would most likely lead to which of the following?

<p>An inward shift of its PPC. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a free good?

<p>It is available in abundance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between cars and petrol?

<p>Complementary goods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A village economy produces only rice and wheat. If it is operating inside its Production Possibility Curve (PPC), which of the following statements is true?

<p>The villagers are not utilizing all their available resources efficiently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Opportunity Cost

The cost of the next best alternative foregone when making a decision.

Free Goods

Goods that have zero opportunity cost because they are abundant, like sunlight.

Economic Systems

Different types of economies categorized by how resources are allocated: free market, planned, and mixed.

PPC (Production Possibility Curve)

A graph showing the maximum combinations of two goods that can be produced with available resources.

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Underutilized Resources

Resources that are not being used to their full potential, represented by points inside the PPC.

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Outward Shift of PPC

An expansion of the PPC due to increased resources or technology, allowing more production.

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Veblen Goods

Goods that defy normal demand, with demand increasing as prices rise because of their status symbol value.

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Substitute Goods

Goods that can replace each other, like tea and coffee that fulfill similar needs.

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Income Elasticity of Demand (YED)

If YED is negative, it indicates an inferior good.

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Subsidy effect on supply

A subsidy on electric vehicles shifts the supply curve to the right.

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Characteristics of public goods

Public goods are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, allowing everyone to use them.

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Inelastic supply in the short run

In the short run, a firm's supply is inelastic mainly due to fixed capital.

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Engel Curve for rice

The Engel curve for rice in a developing economy shows a gentle upward slope, indicating demand rises slowly with income.

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Price Elasticity of Supply (PES)

Inventory stockpiles increase the price elasticity of supply by allowing quick responses to demand changes.

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Tax on cigarettes

A tax on cigarettes addresses negative externalities caused by demerit goods, which have harmful effects.

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Potential GDP

Potential GDP is achieved when the economy operates at full employment.

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