Microeconomía: Conceptos Clave

Microeconomics

• Microeconomics analyzes the behavior of individual economic actors like households and businesses, and specific markets.
• It focuses on how these actors decide on the allocation of scarce resources.
• Key concepts include supply and demand, elasticity, market structures (perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition), production costs, and consumer behavior.
• Demand curves show the relationship between a good or service's price and the amount consumers want to buy.
• Supply curves illustrate the connection between price and the amount producers are willing to supply.
• Market equilibrium happens when supply equals demand.
• Elasticity measures a variable's responsiveness to changes in another (e.g., price elasticity of demand, income elasticity of demand).
• Different market structures influence prices, output, and efficiency in various ways.
• Production costs include fixed, variable, and total costs.
• Consumer behavior models explain choices based on preferences, budgets, and available information.

Macroeconomics

• Macroeconomics studies the overall economic performance and behavior.
• It focuses on aggregate outcomes like unemployment rates, inflation rates, GDP, and economic growth.
• Macroeconomic policies aim to stabilize the economy.
• Key concepts include aggregate demand and aggregate supply.
• Aggregate demand represents the total demand for goods and services.
• Aggregate supply is the total supply of goods and services.
• Government policies (fiscal – spending and taxes, and monetary – controlling money supply and interest rates) impact macroeconomic results.
• Key indicators of economic performance include unemployment rates, inflation rates, and economic growth.
• Economic fluctuations, including business cycles (recessions and expansions), are analyzed to understand economic dynamics.
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the total value of produced goods and services within a country's borders.
• Economic growth is a sustained rise in real GDP per capita.
• Models of national income and expenditure explain factors influencing macroeconomic variables.
• Exchange rates and international trade influence a nation's macroeconomic performance.

Interrelation between Microeconomics and Macroeconomics

• Microeconomic principles are essential to macroeconomic analysis. Aggregate demand curves are derived from individual consumer and firm demand curves.
• Actions of individual economic actors in micro markets contribute to overall macroeconomic outcomes.
• Macroeconomic policies affect behavior of microeconomic entities, for instance, government regulations impact firm operations.
• Understanding both micro and macroeconomics provides a complete picture of the economy.

Este cuestionario aborda los principios fundamentales de la microeconomía, incluyendo el comportamiento de los agentes económicos y las estructuras de mercado. Explora conceptos como la oferta y la demanda, la elasticidad y el equilibrio del mercado, entre otros. Perfecto para estudiantes que desean profundizar en la toma de decisiones económicas individuales.