Microeconomía: Conceptos Clave

Study Notes

Microeconomics

Microeconomics analyzes the behavior of individual economic actors like households and businesses, and specific markets.
It focuses on how these actors decide on the allocation of scarce resources.
Key concepts include supply and demand, elasticity, market structures (perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition), production costs, and consumer behavior.
Demand curves show the relationship between a good or service's price and the amount consumers want to buy.
Supply curves illustrate the connection between price and the amount producers are willing to supply.
Market equilibrium happens when supply equals demand.
Elasticity measures a variable's responsiveness to changes in another (e.g., price elasticity of demand, income elasticity of demand).
Different market structures influence prices, output, and efficiency in various ways.
Production costs include fixed, variable, and total costs.
Consumer behavior models explain choices based on preferences, budgets, and available information.

Macroeconomics

Macroeconomics studies the overall economic performance and behavior.
It focuses on aggregate outcomes like unemployment rates, inflation rates, GDP, and economic growth.
Macroeconomic policies aim to stabilize the economy.
Key concepts include aggregate demand and aggregate supply.
Aggregate demand represents the total demand for goods and services.
Aggregate supply is the total supply of goods and services.
Government policies (fiscal – spending and taxes, and monetary – controlling money supply and interest rates) impact macroeconomic results.
Key indicators of economic performance include unemployment rates, inflation rates, and economic growth.
Economic fluctuations, including business cycles (recessions and expansions), are analyzed to understand economic dynamics.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measures the total value of produced goods and services within a country's borders.
Economic growth is a sustained rise in real GDP per capita.
Models of national income and expenditure explain factors influencing macroeconomic variables.
Exchange rates and international trade influence a nation's macroeconomic performance.

Interrelation between Microeconomics and Macroeconomics

Microeconomic principles are essential to macroeconomic analysis. Aggregate demand curves are derived from individual consumer and firm demand curves.
Actions of individual economic actors in micro markets contribute to overall macroeconomic outcomes.
Macroeconomic policies affect behavior of microeconomic entities, for instance, government regulations impact firm operations.
Understanding both micro and macroeconomics provides a complete picture of the economy.

Description

Este cuestionario aborda los principios fundamentales de la microeconomía, incluyendo el comportamiento de los agentes económicos y las estructuras de mercado. Explora conceptos como la oferta y la demanda, la elasticidad y el equilibrio del mercado, entre otros. Perfecto para estudiantes que desean profundizar en la toma de decisiones económicas individuales.