Microbiota and Skin Infections
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the microbiota of the skin?

  • Streptococcus
  • Staphylococcus
  • Escherichia coli (correct)
  • Corynebacterium

    • Impetigo can be caused by which bacteria?

  • Neither A nor B
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Both A and B (correct)
  • Streptococcus pyogenes

    • People who have never been infected with the varicella-zoster virus can acquire chickenpox from shingles lesion fluid exposure.

    True

    What is the name of the bacterial toxin associated with scarlet fever?

    <p>Erythrogenic exotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the other name for Roseola?

    <p>Sixth disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There is a treatment or prevention available for Roseola.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic rash associated with Measles called?

    <p>Maculopapular exanthem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the virus that causes Rubella?

    <p>Rubella virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Rubella virus is not considered teratogenic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the virus behind Smallpox?

    <p>Variola virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the Smallpox rash?

    <p>Macular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for Fifths Disease?

    <p>Slapped cheek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fifths Disease is not contagious.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common term for a fungal infection of the scalp, hair of head, eyebrows, eyelashes?

    <p>Capitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the skin infection that typically affects the groin area in males?

    <p>Cruris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common term for a fungal infection of the nails?

    <p>Unguium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the virus that causes Molluscum Contagiosum?

    <p>Poxvirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sexual contact is the only way to contract Molluscum Contagiosum.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aseptic meningitis is always caused by bacterial infection.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Poliomyelitis often referred to as "Flaccid Paralysis"?

    <p>Because it weakens the muscles, leading to a limp or floppy appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential mode of transmission for Poliovirus?

    <p>Airborne droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the first polio vaccine?

    <p>Jonas Salk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oral polio vaccine (OPV) was developed before the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary host for Toxoplasma gondii?

    <p>Cats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aedes mosquitoes are known to transmit Yellow Fever.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is NOT transmitted by a mosquito?

    <p>Lassa Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bacteria responsible for Cat Scratch Disease?

    <p>Bartonella henselae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cat Scratch Disease is only found in kittens.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bacteria that causes Pertussis?

    <p>Bordetella pertussis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The DTaP vaccine is used to prevent Pertussis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for Atypical Pneumonia?

    <p>Walking Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is NOT associated with Influenza?

    <p>Rhinovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neuraminidase is a viral protein that helps influenza viruses attach to host cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the syndrome associated with E. coli O157:H7 infection that causes inflammation and damage to the kidneys?

    <p>Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most recommended way to prevent E. coli O157:H7 infection?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the toxin produced by Shigella dysenteriae?

    <p>Shiga toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the parasitic roundworm that causes Trichinosis?

    <p>Trichinella spiralis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trichinosis can be spread through human-to-human contact.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a viral sexually transmitted infection that can cause wart-like growths?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gardasil vaccine protects against all types of HPV.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the type of warts caused by HPV that appear on the skin of the genitals?

    <p>Condyloma acuminata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Microbiota of Skin

    • Common skin bacteria include Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Propionibacterium.
    • Yeasts like Candida are also present.
    • Pseudomonas and Lactobacillus are also found on the skin.

    Impetigo

    • Caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes (often a mix).

    Chickenpox & Shingles

    • Caused by Varicella-Zoster Virus (HHV-3).
    • Exposure to shingles fluid can cause chickenpox in someone who hasn't had chickenpox.
    • Chickenpox is a disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus.
    • Shingles develops by the reactivation, or reactivation of the varicella zoster virus.

    Scarlet Fever

    • Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (strep throat).
    • Erythrogenic exotoxin produced by S. pyogenes causes scarlet fever.
    • Rheumatic fever is a possible consequence if not treated.
    • Scarlet fever rash feels like sandpaper.

    Roseola

    • Caused by HHV-6.
    • High fever lasting up to 3 days.
    • Maculopapular rash (30% of cases) appears, usually on the fourth day of fever.
    • Nearly all US adults have been infected by HHV 6.
    • There's no specific treatment or prevention.

    Measles

    • Caused by measles virus.
    • Maculopapular rash characterized by pink macules and papules.
    • Often treated with supportive care.

    Rubella

    • Caused by rubella virus.
    • Rash characterized by pink macules and papules.
    • Can have teratogenic effects (miscarriage or birth defects) if contracted during the first trimester.
    • Prevention/treatment through MMR vaccine.

    Smallpox

    • Caused by Variola virus.
    • Variola major is a more severe form causing shock and toxemia.
    • Variola minor is less severe and less fatal.

    Fifths Disease

    • Caused by Parvovirus B19.
    • Rash begins on the face and worsens with increased body temperature/activity.

    Capitis

    • Fungal infection of the scalp, hair, eyebrows, or eyelashes.

    Barba

    • Fungal infection of the beard in men.

    Corporis

    • Fungal skin infection that's widespread (more generalized skin infections).

    Cruris

    • Fungal infection in the groin, genitals, or buttock area.

    Pedis

    • Fungal infection in the feet.

    Unguium

    • Fungal infection of the fingernails or toenails.

    Molluscum Contagiosum

    • Caused by poxvirus.
    • Characterized by smooth, waxy nodules on the skin.
    • Transmitted through direct contact or sexual contact.
    • No definitive treatment.

    Normal Biota of CNS

    • No significant bacteria or fungi are generally found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in normal conditions.

    Aseptic Meningitis

    • Viral infection causing meningitis.
    • Common in children, primarily caused by enteroviruses.
    • Resolves within 2 weeks; no specific bacterial or fungal cultures.

    Poliomyelitis

    • Caused by poliovirus.
    • Usually presents as flaccid paralysis, especially in respiratory muscles.

    Toxoplasmosis

    • Caused by the parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii.
    • Pregnant women can transmit the infection to the fetus.
    • Definitive hosts are adult cats.

    Rabies

    • Fatal encephalitis caused by a virus found in wild animals.
    • Can be transmitted through bite, scratch, or inhalation.

    Meningoencephalitis

    • Caused by the amoeba Naegleria fowleri.
    • Often leads to death due to the amoeba's invasion and destruction of the brain and spinal tissues.

    Paralysis

    • Includes cases of flaccid (weak muscles) paralysis caused by polio or botulism, and rigid (stiff muscles) paralysis caused by tetanus.

    Lyme Disease

    • Caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
    • Characterized by erythema migrans, which is seen as a bull's-eye rash caused by ticks.
    • Symptoms include stiff neck, cardiac issues and neurological symptoms without treatment.

    Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono)

    • Caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
    • Characterized by fatigue and marked cervical lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes in the neck).

    Hemorrhagic Diseases

    • Includes yellow fever, dengue fever, Ebola, and Marburg fever, often characterized by bleeding-related issues.

    Cat Scratch Disease

    • Caused by Bartonella henselae.
    • Characterized by localized lymphadenopathy following a cat scratch or bite.

    Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

    • Caused by Bordetella pertussis.
    • Characterized by violent coughing attacks.

    Atypical Pneumonia

    • Primarily caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
    • Frequently involves bronchitis in patients.

    Influenza

    • Caused by influenza viruses (types A, B, and C).
    • Characterized by fever, cough, sore throat, and other symptoms.

    E. coli O157:H7

    • Strain of E. coli that can cause severe illness, including hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).
    • Often associated with undercooked or contaminated meat.

    Shigellosis

    • Caused by Shigella species.
    • Characterized by dysentery (bloody diarrhea), as well as nausea and vomiting.
    • Associated with improper hygiene and sanitation.

    Taenia solium

    • Tapeworm parasite that can infect pigs, and humans.
    • Usually asymptomatic, but more severe cases can occur and cause vague abdominal pain, nausea and worms in feces.

    Trichinosis

    • Parasitic roundworm infection transmitted through eating undercooked pork
    • Characterized by muscle and neurological problems

    Infectious Conditions, Genital Lesions

    • Syphilis
    • Genital herpes

    Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections (Wart-Like)

    • Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
    • Molluscum contagiosum

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    Easy Exam 4 Study Guide PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the microbiota of the skin and various skin infections, including conditions like impetigo, chickenpox, shingles, scarlet fever, and roseola. Learn about the causative agents of these conditions and their effects on human health. Test your knowledge of skin microbiology and pathology.

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