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Questions and Answers
What is the stage of Toxoplasma when it is excreted in the feces?
What is the stage of Toxoplasma when it is excreted in the feces?
- Sporulated
- Unsporulated (correct)
- Oocyst
- Sporocyst
How many sporozoites are found in each sporocyst?
How many sporozoites are found in each sporocyst?
- 4 (correct)
- 1
- 8
- 2
What is the site where the oocyst opens and releases sporozoites in humans or animals?
What is the site where the oocyst opens and releases sporozoites in humans or animals?
- Duodenum (correct)
- Ileum
- Jejunum
- Cecum
What is the name of the rapidly multiplying crescentic cells that initiate the acute stage of disease?
What is the name of the rapidly multiplying crescentic cells that initiate the acute stage of disease?
Where do the sporozoites circulate and invade after passing through the gut wall?
Where do the sporozoites circulate and invade after passing through the gut wall?
What is the duration for which sporulated oocysts can survive in soil?
What is the duration for which sporulated oocysts can survive in soil?
What is the phylum of Toxoplasma gondii?
What is the phylum of Toxoplasma gondii?
Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission of Toxoplasma gondii?
Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission of Toxoplasma gondii?
What is the definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii?
What is the definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii?
During which stage of Toxoplasma gondii infection do cats acquire the infection through ingestion of oocysts?
During which stage of Toxoplasma gondii infection do cats acquire the infection through ingestion of oocysts?
What is the role of proteolytic enzymes in the enteric cycle of Toxoplasma gondii?
What is the role of proteolytic enzymes in the enteric cycle of Toxoplasma gondii?
What is the result of the bradyzoites penetrating the epithelial cells of the small intestine?
What is the result of the bradyzoites penetrating the epithelial cells of the small intestine?
What is the primary site of tissue cyst formation in the host?
What is the primary site of tissue cyst formation in the host?
What is the result of a nonimmune mother being infected during pregnancy?
What is the result of a nonimmune mother being infected during pregnancy?
What is the effect of tachyzoites on host cells?
What is the effect of tachyzoites on host cells?
What is the consequence of immunosuppressed individuals (such as AIDS patients) being infected with Toxoplasma?
What is the consequence of immunosuppressed individuals (such as AIDS patients) being infected with Toxoplasma?
What is the stage of Toxoplasma infection characterized by the formation of tissue cysts in the host?
What is the stage of Toxoplasma infection characterized by the formation of tissue cysts in the host?
What is the result of a cat eating tissue cysts?
What is the result of a cat eating tissue cysts?
What is a major cause of blindness and congenital defects due to prenatal toxoplasmosis?
What is a major cause of blindness and congenital defects due to prenatal toxoplasmosis?
What is the result of infection during the first trimester of pregnancy?
What is the result of infection during the first trimester of pregnancy?
Why is avoidance of human contact with cat feces important?
Why is avoidance of human contact with cat feces important?
What is the purpose of periodic serologic screening for IgG and IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma?
What is the purpose of periodic serologic screening for IgG and IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma?
What is the effect of freezing meat at -20°C for 48 hours or heating to 50°C for 4-6 minutes?
What is the effect of freezing meat at -20°C for 48 hours or heating to 50°C for 4-6 minutes?
Which of the following is NOT a method of diagnosing Toxoplasma infection?
Which of the following is NOT a method of diagnosing Toxoplasma infection?
What is the mode of transmission of Balantidiasis?
What is the mode of transmission of Balantidiasis?
What is the role of proteolytic enzymes in the life cycle of Balantidium?
What is the role of proteolytic enzymes in the life cycle of Balantidium?
What is the characteristic of the micronucleus in the morphology of Balantidium?
What is the characteristic of the micronucleus in the morphology of Balantidium?
What is the primary site of colonization of trophozoites in the human host?
What is the primary site of colonization of trophozoites in the human host?
What is the characteristic of the cyst wall of Balantidium?
What is the characteristic of the cyst wall of Balantidium?
What is the outcome of most infections with Balantidium coli?
What is the outcome of most infections with Balantidium coli?
What is the primary source of Balantidiasis infection in humans?
What is the primary source of Balantidiasis infection in humans?
What is the location of the micronucleus in the morphology of Balantidium?
What is the location of the micronucleus in the morphology of Balantidium?
What is the function of the peristome in the morphology of Balantidium?
What is the function of the peristome in the morphology of Balantidium?
In which part of the host's intestine do the trophozoites colonize?
In which part of the host's intestine do the trophozoites colonize?
What is the purpose of proteolytic enzymes in the life cycle of Balantidium?
What is the purpose of proteolytic enzymes in the life cycle of Balantidium?
What is the characteristic of the cyst wall of Balantidium?
What is the characteristic of the cyst wall of Balantidium?
In which stage of the life cycle do trophozoites undergo encystation?
In which stage of the life cycle do trophozoites undergo encystation?
What is the primary method of transmission of Balantidiasis?
What is the primary method of transmission of Balantidiasis?
What is the site of initial infection with Balantidium in the host?
What is the site of initial infection with Balantidium in the host?
What is the result of the trophozoites' invasion of the host's intestinal wall?
What is the result of the trophozoites' invasion of the host's intestinal wall?
What is the typical size of the enveloped form of the Herpesvirus?
What is the typical size of the enveloped form of the Herpesvirus?
What is the primary site of latent infection for HSV-1?
What is the primary site of latent infection for HSV-1?
What is the primary method of transmission of Herpesvirus?
What is the primary method of transmission of Herpesvirus?
What is the characteristic of the tegument in the Herpesvirus structure?
What is the characteristic of the tegument in the Herpesvirus structure?
What is the primary cause of sporadic encephalitis in children in the United States?
What is the primary cause of sporadic encephalitis in children in the United States?
What is the result of HSV-1 infection in immunosuppressed hosts?
What is the result of HSV-1 infection in immunosuppressed hosts?
Which of the following viruses can infect humans and cause severe neurologic disease?
Which of the following viruses can infect humans and cause severe neurologic disease?
What is the primary mode of transmission of HSV-1?
What is the primary mode of transmission of HSV-1?
What is the duration of the HSV growth cycle?
What is the duration of the HSV growth cycle?
What is the laboratory method used to diagnose HSV infections?
What is the laboratory method used to diagnose HSV infections?
What is the characteristic of HSV infections in humans?
What is the characteristic of HSV infections in humans?
What is the outcome of primary HSV infections in most individuals?
What is the outcome of primary HSV infections in most individuals?
What is the preferred method for rapid diagnostic procedures of Varicella-zoster virus?
What is the preferred method for rapid diagnostic procedures of Varicella-zoster virus?
What is the characteristic of skin lesions in both herpes zoster and chickenpox?
What is the characteristic of skin lesions in both herpes zoster and chickenpox?
What is the difference between the rash of herpes zoster and chickenpox?
What is the difference between the rash of herpes zoster and chickenpox?
What is the mode of spread of virus to the skin in herpes zoster?
What is the mode of spread of virus to the skin in herpes zoster?
What is the characteristic of the lesions of herpes zoster?
What is the characteristic of the lesions of herpes zoster?
What is an effective therapy for varicella?
What is an effective therapy for varicella?
In which cells does cytomegalovirus replicate and persist?
In which cells does cytomegalovirus replicate and persist?
What is the incubation period of cytomegalovirus?
What is the incubation period of cytomegalovirus?
What is a common consequence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection?
What is a common consequence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection?
What is the characteristic of cytomegalovirus among human herpesviruses?
What is the characteristic of cytomegalovirus among human herpesviruses?
In which type of hosts are primary cytomegalovirus infections more severe?
In which type of hosts are primary cytomegalovirus infections more severe?
What is the result of cytomegalovirus infection in newborns?
What is the result of cytomegalovirus infection in newborns?
What is the primary mode of transmission of Human Herpesvirus 6?
What is the primary mode of transmission of Human Herpesvirus 6?
What is the typical age of infection for Human Herpesvirus 6?
What is the typical age of infection for Human Herpesvirus 6?
What is the disease caused by primary infection with Human Herpesvirus 6?
What is the disease caused by primary infection with Human Herpesvirus 6?
What is the site of persistent infection for Human Herpesvirus 7?
What is the site of persistent infection for Human Herpesvirus 7?
Which subfamily do Herpesvirus 5, 6, and 7 belong to?
Which subfamily do Herpesvirus 5, 6, and 7 belong to?
What is the treatment for Human Herpesvirus?
What is the treatment for Human Herpesvirus?
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