Toxoplasma
70 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the stage of Toxoplasma when it is excreted in the feces?

  • Sporulated
  • Unsporulated (correct)
  • Oocyst
  • Sporocyst

    • How many sporozoites are found in each sporocyst?

  • 4 (correct)
  • 1
  • 8
  • 2

    • What is the site where the oocyst opens and releases sporozoites in humans or animals?

  • Duodenum (correct)
  • Ileum
  • Jejunum
  • Cecum

    • What is the name of the rapidly multiplying crescentic cells that initiate the acute stage of disease?

    <p>Tachyzoites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the sporozoites circulate and invade after passing through the gut wall?

    <p>Lymph and blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration for which sporulated oocysts can survive in soil?

    <p>Several months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phylum of Toxoplasma gondii?

    <p>Apicomplexa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission of Toxoplasma gondii?

    <p>Through respiratory droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii?

    <p>Members of the cat family (Felidae)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of Toxoplasma gondii infection do cats acquire the infection through ingestion of oocysts?

    <p>Sexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proteolytic enzymes in the enteric cycle of Toxoplasma gondii?

    <p>To dissolve the cyst wall, releasing the bradyzoites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the bradyzoites penetrating the epithelial cells of the small intestine?

    <p>The formation of numerous asexual generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of tissue cyst formation in the host?

    <p>Brain, liver, and muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a nonimmune mother being infected during pregnancy?

    <p>Congenital toxoplasmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of tachyzoites on host cells?

    <p>They directly destroy cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of immunosuppressed individuals (such as AIDS patients) being infected with Toxoplasma?

    <p>Retinitis or chorioretinitis, encephalitis, pneumonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of Toxoplasma infection characterized by the formation of tissue cysts in the host?

    <p>Chronic stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a cat eating tissue cysts?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major cause of blindness and congenital defects due to prenatal toxoplasmosis?

    <p>Toxoplasma infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of infection during the first trimester of pregnancy?

    <p>Stillbirth or major CNS anomalies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is avoidance of human contact with cat feces important?

    <p>To prevent transmission of Toxoplasma to humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of periodic serologic screening for IgG and IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma?

    <p>To detect the presence of Toxoplasma antibodies in pregnant women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of freezing meat at -20°C for 48 hours or heating to 50°C for 4-6 minutes?

    <p>Provides sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of diagnosing Toxoplasma infection?

    <p>Ultrasonography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission of Balantidiasis?

    <p>Contaminated water or food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proteolytic enzymes in the life cycle of Balantidium?

    <p>Helping the trophozoite to invade the wall of the colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the micronucleus in the morphology of Balantidium?

    <p>It is spherical and located next to the macronucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of colonization of trophozoites in the human host?

    <p>Large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cyst wall of Balantidium?

    <p>It is composed of one or two layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of most infections with Balantidium coli?

    <p>Apparently harmless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of Balantidiasis infection in humans?

    <p>Infected water from areas where pigs are raised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the micronucleus in the morphology of Balantidium?

    <p>Next to the macronucleus, often hidden by it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the peristome in the morphology of Balantidium?

    <p>It leads to the cytostome, or the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the host's intestine do the trophozoites colonize?

    <p>Large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of proteolytic enzymes in the life cycle of Balantidium?

    <p>To facilitate the invasion of the host's intestinal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cyst wall of Balantidium?

    <p>It is made of one or two layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of the life cycle do trophozoites undergo encystation?

    <p>In both the large intestine and feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of transmission of Balantidiasis?

    <p>Contaminated food and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of initial infection with Balantidium in the host?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the trophozoites' invasion of the host's intestinal wall?

    <p>They multiply and colonize the host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical size of the enveloped form of the Herpesvirus?

    <p>150-200 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of latent infection for HSV-1?

    <p>Trigeminal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of transmission of Herpesvirus?

    <p>Direct contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the tegument in the Herpesvirus structure?

    <p>Asymmetric and amorphous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of sporadic encephalitis in children in the United States?

    <p>HSV-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of HSV-1 infection in immunosuppressed hosts?

    <p>Frequent reactivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses can infect humans and cause severe neurologic disease?

    <p>Herpes B virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of HSV-1?

    <p>Through infected saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the HSV growth cycle?

    <p>8-16 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the laboratory method used to diagnose HSV infections?

    <p>Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of HSV infections in humans?

    <p>They are widespread and usually asymptomatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of primary HSV infections in most individuals?

    <p>They are usually inapparent but result in antibody production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred method for rapid diagnostic procedures of Varicella-zoster virus?

    <p>PCR assays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of skin lesions in both herpes zoster and chickenpox?

    <p>Multinucleated giant cells with eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the rash of herpes zoster and chickenpox?

    <p>The rash of herpes zoster is restricted to one area of the skin on one side of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of spread of virus to the skin in herpes zoster?

    <p>Intraneural spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the lesions of herpes zoster?

    <p>Closely grouped vesicles on an erythematous base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effective therapy for varicella?

    <p>Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir, and Foscarnet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cells does cytomegalovirus replicate and persist?

    <p>Epithelial cells and lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period of cytomegalovirus?

    <p>4-8 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection?

    <p>Mental retardation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of cytomegalovirus among human herpesviruses?

    <p>Largest genetic content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of hosts are primary cytomegalovirus infections more severe?

    <p>Immunosuppressed hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of cytomegalovirus infection in newborns?

    <p>Cytomegalic inclusion disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of Human Herpesvirus 6?

    <p>Via oral secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical age of infection for Human Herpesvirus 6?

    <p>Early infancy and childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disease caused by primary infection with Human Herpesvirus 6?

    <p>Roseola infantum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of persistent infection for Human Herpesvirus 7?

    <p>Salivary glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subfamily do Herpesvirus 5, 6, and 7 belong to?

    <p>Beta subfamily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for Human Herpesvirus?

    <p>Acyclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Parasitology: Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium
    10 questions

    Parasitology: Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium

    ExpansiveBaritoneSaxophone avatar
    ExpansiveBaritoneSaxophone
    Life Cycle of Toxoplasma Gondii
    18 questions

    Life Cycle of Toxoplasma Gondii

    AbundantForsythia avatar
    AbundantForsythia
    Toxoplasma Gondii Life Cycle
    22 questions

    Toxoplasma Gondii Life Cycle

    AmbitiousBlue avatar
    AmbitiousBlue
    Biology: Toxoplasma Gondii
    36 questions

    Biology: Toxoplasma Gondii

    StableLeibniz avatar
    StableLeibniz
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser