Microbiology Terminology Quiz

<p>Endotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germ Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antony van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller in size</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theory of Spontaneous Generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parasitology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bioremediation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>extreme</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>genus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>membrane-bound</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80S</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Louis Pasteur = Discoveries in vaccination, pasteurization, and microbial fermentation Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp = Pioneering work in antiseptic procedures and hand hygiene in obstetric clinics Van Leeuwenhoek, Antony = Development of the microscope and first observation of microorganisms Joseph Lister = Introduction of sterile surgical techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ubiquitous = Present or found everywhere Virulence = Degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism Peptidoglycan = Structural component of bacterial cell walls Species (specific epithet) = The lowest taxonomic rank below genus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organelles = Specialized structures within eukaryotic cells performing specific functions Ribosome (70S, 80S) = Cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis, differing in size between prokaryotes and eukaryotes Unicellular = Comprising a single cell Chromosome = Thread-like structure carrying genetic information in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virology = Study of viruses including structure, replication, and pathogenesis Parasitology = Study of parasites including taxonomy and life cycles Taxonomy = Classification and organization of organisms based on shared characteristics Mycology = Study of fungi including taxonomy and morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bioremediation = The process of using microorganisms to degrade or neutralize pollutants in the environment, such as oil spills or contaminated soil Chromosome = A thread-like structure in the nucleus of a cell that carries genetic information in the form of genes Binomial nomenclature = The system of naming organisms in which each organism is given a two-part name consisting of its genus and species Dysbiosis = An imbalance or disruption in the normal microbiota of a particular environment, such as the human gut</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Archaea = A domain of single-celled microorganisms that are prokaryotic, distinct from bacteria, and often found in extreme environments Binary Fission = A method of asexual reproduction in which a single-celled organism divides into two identical daughter cells Domain = The highest taxonomic rank of organisms, above kingdom, representing the three major groups: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya Animalcules = A term historically used to describe microscopic organisms, particularly those observed by early microscopists like Antony van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteriology = The branch of microbiology that focuses on the study of bacteria, including their morphology, genetics, ecology, and pathogenicity Mycology = The branch of biology that deals with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, morphology, and ecology Virology = The branch of microbiology that focuses on the study of viruses and viral diseases Parasitology = The branch of biology that deals specifically with the study of parasites, including their taxonomy, morphology, and interactions with hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disease = A pathological condition of an organism that impairs normal physiological functioning and is typically characterized by specific symptoms Chromosome = A thread-like structure in the nucleus of a cell that carries genetic information in the form of genes Domain = The highest taxonomic rank of organisms, above kingdom, representing the three major groups: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya Prokaryotes = Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary Fission = A method of asexual reproduction in which a single-celled organism divides into two identical daughter cells Bioremediation = The process of using microorganisms to degrade or neutralize pollutants in the environment, such as oil spills or contaminated soil Ribosomes = Cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis Dysbiosis = An imbalance or disruption in the normal microbiota of a particular environment, such as the human gut</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germ Theory = Louis Pasteur's theory proposing that certain diseases are caused by microorganisms invading the body Spontaneous Generation = The theory that living organisms could arise spontaneously from non-living matter Pasteurization = Louis Pasteur's method for killing bacteria in food products by heat treatment Binomial Nomenclature = The system introduced by Carl Linnaeus for naming organisms using genus and species names</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exotoxin = A toxin produced and secreted by certain bacteria into the surrounding environment, often causing specific symptoms of disease Endotoxin = A toxin that is released from the cell wall of certain bacteria when they die or undergo lysis, often causing inflammatory responses in the host Germ Theory = The theory that certain diseases are caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms, proposed by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch in the 19th century Koch's Postulate = A set of criteria proposed by Robert Koch to establish a causal relationship between a microorganism and a specific disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryotes/Eukaryotic = Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles Multicellular = Organisms composed of multiple cells that are specialized for various functions and organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems Microbes = Microscopic organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists Microorganisms = Organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists, and archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus = A membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities Nucleoid area = In prokaryotic cells, a region where the genetic material (DNA) is located, but not enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus Ribosomes = Cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis Chromosome = A thread-like structure in the nucleus of a cell that carries genetic information in the form of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal Microbiota = The community of microorganisms that colonize the body surfaces of multicellular organisms Microbiota = See Normal Microbiota Mycology = The branch of biology that deals with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, morphology, ecology, and pathology Mycorrhiza = A symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enterohemorrhagic disease = A type of infectious disease caused by certain strains of Escherichia coli, characterized by severe abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea, and sometimes kidney failure Hemolytic uremic syndrome = A condition characterized by the destruction of red blood cells, acute kidney failure, and low platelet count, often associated with certain bacterial infections Shiga Toxin-Producing Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome = A serious complication of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection, characterized by hemolytic anemia, acute kidney failure, and low platelet count Infectious disease = A disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joseph Lister = A British surgeon and pioneer of antiseptic surgery, known for introducing sterile surgical techniques to prevent postoperative infections Louis Pasteur = Known for his work in vaccination, pasteurization, and microbial fermentation, and his contributions to the germ theory of disease Robert Koch = Proposed Koch's Postulate to establish a causal relationship between microorganisms and specific diseases Louis Pasteur &amp; Robert Koch = Proposed the Germ Theory which states that diseases are caused by microorganisms invading the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary Fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binomial nomenclature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysbiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteriology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shiga Toxin-Producing Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germ Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Micrometer (mm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>antiseptic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>virulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>phylum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>extreme</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The highest taxonomic rank of organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysbiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary Fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemolytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Location of production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleoid area</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They require host cells to replicate and survive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Family</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antony van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parasitology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joseph Lister</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phylum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bioremediation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To form a protective layer outside the cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow bacteria to navigate towards attractants or away from repellents</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differential stain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controls the amount of light passing through the specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endospores</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contribute to their characteristic resistance to staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative stain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Separate the nucleus from the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aiding in adherence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vibrio</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sporulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irregular clusters</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antony van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport vesicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coccus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryote</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid mosaic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacillus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nucleic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>smear</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sporulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tumble</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytoplasm/Cytosol = The gel-like substance within a cell, excluding the organelles, where cellular processes occur. Mitochondria = Membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells involved in energy production through aerobic respiration. Lysosomes = Membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes involved in intracellular digestion and waste removal. Endospores = Dormant, highly resistant structures formed by some bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antigen = A substance that triggers an immune response, typically by binding to specific antibodies or T cells. Cell envelope = The outermost layers of a bacterial cell, consisting of the cell membrane and cell wall. Basic dyes = Positively charged dyes that bind to negatively charged structures in bacterial cells, such as nucleic acids. Biofilm = A community of microorganisms attached to a surface and surrounded by a self-produced extracellular matrix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacillus shape = A rod-shaped bacterial morphology. Capsule = A protective layer outside the cell wall of some bacteria, composed of polysaccharides or proteins. Cell arrangement = The spatial organization of bacterial cells, such as singles, pairs, chains, clusters, or tetrads. Cell wall = A rigid structure outside the cell membrane that provides structural support and protection to bacterial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram Staining = A staining technique that differentiates between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria based on cell wall composition. Endospore Stain = A staining technique used to visualize bacterial endospores, typically involving heat and multiple dye applications. Differential Stains = Staining techniques that differentiate between different types of bacteria or structures within bacterial cells based on their reactions to multiple dyes. Heat Fixation = A technique used to affix bacterial cells to a microscope slide by briefly heating the slide after applying the sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram Negative = Bacteria that stain pink or red in the Gram staining procedure and have a thin peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls. Gram Positive = Bacteria that stain purple in the Gram staining procedure and have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls. Extracellular = Located outside the cell. Intracellular = Located within the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsule Stain = A staining technique used to visualize bacterial capsules, typically involving a combination of acidic and basic dyes. Chemotaxis = The movement of cells in response to chemical stimuli, allowing bacteria to navigate toward attractants or away from repellents. Endospore Stain = Staining technique used to visualize bacterial endospores within bacterial cells. Gram Stain = A differential staining technique used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flagella = Whip-like appendages used by bacteria for locomotion. Lipid A = A component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, involved in endotoxic activity. Teichoic Acid (in Gram-positive bacteria) = Helps regulate cell wall rigidity and protect against environmental stressors. Lysozyme = An enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls by cleaving peptidoglycan bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Base = A substance that accepts protons (H⁺ ions) or donates hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in a chemical reaction. Cell membrane = A selectively permeable lipid bilayer that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell, regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell. Cell envelope = The outermost layers of a bacterial cell, consisting of the cell membrane and cell wall. Chemotaxis = The movement of cells in response to chemical stimuli, allowing bacteria to navigate toward attractants or away from repellents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biofilm = A community of microorganisms attached to a surface and surrounded by a self-produced extracellular matrix. Chemotaxis = The movement of cells in response to chemical stimuli, allowing bacteria to navigate toward attractants or away from repellents. Capsule Stain = A staining technique used to visualize bacterial capsules, typically involving a combination of acidic and basic dyes. Cell arrangement = The spatial organization of bacterial cells, such as singles, pairs, chains, clusters, or tetrads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Condenser Diaphragm = A component of a microscope that controls the amount of light passing through the specimen. Course Adjustment Knob = A knob on a microscope used to make large adjustments to the focus. High (Dry) Power Objective = A microscope objective lens with high magnification and a longer working distance. Low Power Objective = A microscope objective lens with low magnification and a wider field of view.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single arrangement = Bacterial cells arranged individually Staphylo- arrangement = Bacterial cells arranged in irregular clusters resembling grape-like clusters Strepto- arrangement = Bacterial cells arranged in chains or filaments Tetrad - arrangement = Bacterial cells arranged in groups of four</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spirillum = A spiral-shaped bacterial morphology Spirochete shape = A helical, spiral-shaped bacterial morphology Vibrio - shape = A comma-shaped bacterial morphology Tick = A small arachnid that can transmit various diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teichoic Acid = A type of cell wall component found in Gram-positive bacteria, contributing to cell wall structure and function Transport vesicle = Membrane-bound vesicles that transport substances within a cell or between cellular compartments Virulence = The degree or intensity of pathogenicity of a microorganism, referring to its ability to cause disease in a host organism Virology = The branch of microbiology that deals with the study of viruses, including their structure, classification, replication, pathogenesis, and interactions with host organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smear = A thin layer of a specimen spread on a microscope slide for microscopic examination Sporulation = The process by which certain bacteria form endospores under adverse environmental conditions Van Leeuwenhoek, Antony = A Dutch scientist credited with the development of the microscope and the first observation of microorganisms Vibrio - shape = A comma-shaped bacterial morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tumble = A sudden change in direction during bacterial movement, typically mediated by flagellar rotation Tick = A small arachnid that can transmit various diseases, including Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever Transport vesicle = Membrane-bound vesicles that transport substances within a cell or between cellular compartments Teichoic Acid = A type of cell wall component found in Gram-positive bacteria, contributing to cell wall structure and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Periplasmic filament flagella = Flagella located between the cell wall and the cell membrane, found in certain bacteria such as Spirochaetes Peptidoglycan = A polymer composed of sugar and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the cell membrane of bacteria, providing structural support Phospholipid (bilayer) = The primary component of cell membranes, consisting of two layers of phospholipid molecules arranged with their hydrophobic tails inward and hydrophilic heads outward NAG and NAM = N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid, subunits of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative stain = A staining technique where the background is stained, leaving the cells unstained and visible as clear areas Primary stain = The first dye applied in a staining procedure, typically staining all cells in a sample Secondary stain = The second dye applied in a staining procedure, used to provide contrast to the primary stain Simple stain = A staining technique that uses only one dye to color cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes (70S and 80S) = Cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis, with bacterial ribosomes typically being 70S and eukaryotic ribosomes being 80S Resolution = The ability of a microscope to distinguish between two closely spaced objects as separate entities Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever = A tick-borne disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, characterized by fever, rash, and other symptoms Run and tumble = Movement pattern of bacteria with flagella, characterized by alternating straight runs and random changes in direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus = The organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities Nucleolus = A dense region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA synthesis occurs Nuclear envelope = A double membrane surrounding the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, separating it from the cytoplasm Nucleoplasm = The gel-like substance within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, excluding the nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Refractive index = A measure of how much a substance slows down light as it passes through, influencing the resolution of a microscope Scanning objective = A microscope objective with the lowest magnification and a wide field of view, typically used for initial observation Oil objective = A microscope objective designed to be used with immersion oil to increase resolution Ocular = The lens closest to the observer's eye in a microscope, also known as the eyepiece</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>germ</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>binomial nomenclature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylo</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antony Van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>dysbiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sporulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spirochete</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mycolic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vibrio</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slime layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strepto- arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sporulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antony van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tumble</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phylum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The intensity of pathogenicity of a microorganism</p> Signup and view all the answers