Microbiology: Intro & Microscopy

• Study notes for a microbiology quiz

Microbiology Course Goals

• A basic understanding of plant taxonomy is NOT a goal of a microbiology course
• Microbiology course goals are:
  • Overview of basic concepts in microbiology and infectious diseases
  • Introduction to immunology
  • Introduction to bacteriology and virology

One Health Definition

• "One Health" emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health

Zoonoses

• Approximately 60% of emerging infectious diseases are caused by zoonoses

Zoonotic Disease Example

• Avian influenza is an example of a zoonotic disease

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

• An estimated 10,000,000 deaths are attributable to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in 2050

Microorganism Types

• Plants are NOT a type of microorganism
• Fungi, protozoa, and helminths are all types of microorganisms

Human Microbiome

• The human microbiome refers to the aggregate of microorganisms associated with the human body

Beneficial Roles of Microbes

• The production of antibiotics is a beneficial role of microbes

Microbial Ecosystem Components

• Pollution creation is not an essential component of an ecosystem where microbes play a role, microbes are involved in:
  • Cycling of nutrients
  • Energy production (e.g., methane)
  • Bioremediation

Bioremediation

• Bioremediation involves the use of microbes to clean up polluted environments

Compound Microscope Development

• Zacharias Janssen is credited with developing the first compound microscope

Robert Hooke's Observations

• Robert Hooke first observed and published micro-fungus in his book Micrographia

Anton van Leeuwenhoek's Observations

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek first observed and described bacteria and protozoa

Types of Microscopy

• Molecular microscopy is not a type of microscopy,
• Light, electron, and fluorescence microscopy is a type of microscopy

Objective Lens Purpose

• The purpose of the objective lens in a compound microscope is to magnify the image of the specimen

Microscope Light Adjustment

• The iris diaphragm is the part of the microscope that adjusts the amount of light that reaches the specimen

Condenser Function

• The function of the condenser is to focus light onto the specimen

Diopter Adjustment Purpose

• The purpose of the diopter adjustment on a microscope is to correct for differences between the user's eyes

Microscope Focusing

• The correct order of steps to focus a microscope is:
  • Diopter adjustment
  • Coarse adjustment
  • Fine adjustment

Slide Graticule Purpose

• The purpose of a slide graticule or eyepiece graticule is to measure cells or organisms

Abiogenesis Theory

• The theory of abiogenesis states that life arises from non-living matter

Disproving Spontaneous Generation

• Francesco Redi performed experiments with meat in jars to disprove spontaneous generation

Swan-Necked Flasks

• Louis Pasteur used swan-necked flasks in his experiments

Pasteur's Disproof

• Louis Pasteur's experiments ultimately disproved spontaneous generation

Germ Theory of Disease

• The germ theory of disease states that many diseases are caused by microorganisms

Antiseptic Surgery

• Joseph Lister developed a system of antiseptic surgery

Edward Jenner's Work

• Edward Jenner is known for his work with vaccination against smallpox

Rudolf Virchow's Contribution

• Rudolf Virchow's key contribution was the development of the cell theory

Alexander Fleming's Discovery

• Alexander Fleming is famous for discovering penicillin

Classification System Domains

• The three domains of the classification system are:
  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
  • Eukarya