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By @cdc

Microbiology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which microorganisms need oxygen to live?

Aerobes

What is the study of fungi called?

Mycology

What is the protective form produced by some bacteria when they are in a harsh environment called?

Endospore

What is the population of microorganisms that live on skin and mucous membranes called?

<p>Normal flora</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the conditions that promote the growth of microorganisms?

<p>Warm, dark, moist environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganism causes Lyme Disease?

<p>Spirochete</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganism causes Tuberculosis?

<p>Bacillus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganism causes Malaria?

<p>Sporozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between bacteria and viruses?

<p>Bacteria can reproduce on their own, viruses need a living cell to do so</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do viruses duplicate when they enter the human body?

<p>Inside a cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when a bacteria is gram positive?

<p>The cell wall absorbs a specific stain (dye)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information is obtained from a culture and sensitivity test?

<p>Description of growth, growth requirements, and sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between pasteurization and sterilization?

<p>Pasteurization reduces the number of microorganisms and pathogens, while sterilization kills all microorganisms and pathogens including spores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an opportunistic infection?

<p>An infection caused by a harmless microorganism in certain circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the oro-fecal route of infection transmission?

<p>Portal of exit is feces, portal of entry is mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits of normal flora in the body?

<p>Take up space that would otherwise be occupied by pathogens and make vitamin K.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the morphology of spirochetes?

<p>Shaped like a corkscrew.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an epidemic?

<p>The rapid spread of a disease to a large number of people in a community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a fomite and a vector?

<p>Fomite is an inanimate object, while vector is an animal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three lines of defense the body has against disease?

<p>Prevention of entry, non-specific defenses, specific defenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability of a pathogen to cause disease called?

<p>Virulence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an antiseptic?

<p>A substance that destroys or prevents the growth of bacteria or other microorganisms, typically used on living tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a mycosis?

<p>Diseases caused by fungi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of bacteria morphology called?

<p>Bacteriology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the protective form produced by some bacteria when they are in a harsh environment called?

<p>Endospore</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the population of microorganisms that live on skin and mucous membranes called?

<p>Normal flora</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape and arrangement of bacterial cells known as?

<p>Morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability of a pathogen to cause disease called?

<p>Pathogenicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when a bacteria is gram positive?

<p>It absorbs a specific stain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganism causes Chicken Pox?

<p>Virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between bacteria and viruses?

<p>Bacteria can reproduce on their own, viruses need a living cell to do so</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do viruses duplicate when they enter the human body?

<p>Inside a cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganism causes Tuberculosis?

<p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information is obtained from a culture and sensitivity test?

<p>The sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of fungi called?

<p>Mycology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that completely destroys all microorganisms and their spores?

<p>Sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of parasitic worms called?

<p>Helminthology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability of a pathogen to cause disease called?

<p>Virulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the constant presence or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area called?

<p>Endemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of deaths from a particular cause divided by the total number of cases of that cause, usually expressed as a percentage?

<p>Mortality rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that reduces the number of microorganisms and pathogens, but does not kill all spores?

<p>Pasteurization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rapid spread of a disease to a large number of people in a community called?

<p>Epidemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of deaths from a particular cause divided by the total number of cases of that cause, usually expressed as a percentage?

<p>Mortality rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the laboratory procedure to determine the proper antibiotic to use to treat an infection called?

<p>Sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that destroys or prevents the growth of bacteria or other microorganisms on living tissue such as the skin?

<p>Antiseptic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that destroys all living organisms, including spores?

<p>Sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of fungi called?

<p>Mycology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of mycology?

<p>The study of fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between bacteria and viruses?

<p>Bacteria can reproduce on their own, viruses need a living cell to do so</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when a bacteria is gram positive?

<p>The cell wall absorbs a specific stain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do viruses duplicate when they enter the human body?

<p>In the cytoplasm of a cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the information obtained from a culture and sensitivity test?

<p>Describes growth requirements and sensitivity to antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of parasitic worms called?

<p>Helminthology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that completely destroys all living organisms, including spores?

<p>Sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganism causes ringworm?

<p>Fungus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the constant presence or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area called?

<p>Endemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability of a pathogen to cause disease called?

<p>Pathogenicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a disinfectant and an antiseptic?

<p>A disinfectant is used on inanimate objects, while an antiseptic is used on living tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an epidemic?

<p>The rapid spread of a disease to a large number of people in a community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the oro-fecal route of infection transmission?

<p>Transmission of pathogens through contaminated food or water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Microbiology Key Points

  • Pathogenic microorganisms cause diseases
  • Aerobes are microorganisms that require oxygen to live
  • Mycology is the study of fungi
  • Normal flora are microorganisms that live on skin and mucous membranes, preventing pathogen occupation
  • Conditions promoting microorganism growth include warm, dark, moist, and food-rich environments
  • Lyme Disease is caused by spirochetes, Tuberculosis by bacillus, Malaria by sporozoa, and Chicken Pox by a virus
  • Bacteria are classified by their morphology, shape, and arrangement of cells
  • Viruses differ from bacteria as they are not cells, need a living cell to reproduce, and duplicate inside a cell
  • Gram-positive bacteria absorb a specific stain into their cell wall
  • Culture and sensitivity tests reveal growth, requirements, and antibiotic effectiveness
  • Infection is the invasion of the body by a pathogen that multiplies
  • Helminthology is the study of parasitic worms

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