Microbiology: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the most outstanding feature observed in eukaryotic cells?

  • True nucleus surrounded by a membrane (correct)
  • Presence of surface appendages
  • Presence of a nucleoid
  • Lack of a membrane-bound nucleus

    • What is the major structural difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

  • Presence of a true nucleus in eukaryotes (correct)
  • Different cell morphologies
  • Surface appendages
  • Presence of a nucleoid in prokaryotes

    • What is suspended in the portion of nuclear region in prokaryotic cells?

  • True nucleus
  • Nucleoid (correct)
  • Surface appendages
  • DNA fibrils

    • What characterizes prokaryotic cells based on staining results?

    <p>Cell wall chemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lacks a limiting membrane in bacterial cells?

    <p>Nucleoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the basis for classifying cells into eukaryotic and prokaryotic categories?

    <p>Presence of a true nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stains the DNA to visualize the nucleoid of a bacterial cell under a light microscope?

    <p>Feulgen staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic shape describes a comma-shaped bacterial cell?

    <p>Spiral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average size of bacilli (rod-shaped bacteria)?

    <p>0.5-1.0 µm wide X 1.0-4.0 µm long</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two configurations of the glycocalyx layers beyond the bacterial cell wall?

    <p>Capsule and slime layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial structure prevents phagocytosis?

    <p>Glycocalyx capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular weight of the single, continuous DNA molecule in the bacterial nucleoid?

    <p>$3 X 10^{9}$ Dalton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are most bacteria measured?

    <p>$10^{-6}$ m (microns)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average length of bacterial cells?

    <p>1-2 µm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure containing a single chromosome in a bacterial cell?

    <p>Nucleoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used by bacteria to attach and allows capsules to prevent phagocytosis?

    <p>Extracellular polysaccharide from the glycocalyx layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Presence of a true nucleus in eukaryotic cells and absence of a membrane-bound nucleus in prokaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic shapes describe the morphology of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Shape and arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of the bacterial nucleoid?

    <p>Lacks a limiting membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major basis for classifying cells into eukaryotic and prokaryotic categories?

    <p>Presence or absence of a true nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes prokaryotic cells based on staining results?

    <p>Based on staining result</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suspended in the portion of nuclear region in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate molecular weight of the single, continuous DNA molecule in the bacterial nucleoid?

    <p>3 X 10^9 Dalton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the unfold nuclear DNA in bacterial cells compared to the average length of bacterial cells?

    <p>1 mm compared to 2 µm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range in size of bacterial cells, measured in microns (µm)?

    <p>1.0-1.3 µm X 3-10 µm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most common microscopic morphologies of bacteria?

    <p>Rod-shaped and comma-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three forms of spiral bacteria?

    <p>Curved, thick, and thin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two configurations of glycocalyx layers beyond the cell wall in bacteria?

    <p>Capsule and slime layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows bacterial cells to attach and prevents phagocytosis?

    <p>&quot;Neatly organized&quot; glycocalyx layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of the bacterial nucleoid?

    <p>&quot;Single chromosome&quot; structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

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