Microbiology Overview and Classification

<p>Cytoskeleton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absence of a nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacilli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somewhat permeable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocytosis and exocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of outer membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are often rod-shaped. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CO2, ATP, NADPH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>O2 is produced during photosystem II reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phototroph (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organisms that require oxygen to grow. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complex media (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen fixation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Doubling time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some prokaryotes utilize ubiquinol oxidase instead of cytochrome c oxidase. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aid in adherence to surfaces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It powers ATP and NADPH production through photoexcitation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organism that obtains energy from inorganic compounds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygenic phototrophs produce oxygen while anoxygenic phototrophs do not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic flagella use proton motive force for movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By oxidizing inorganic molecules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sugar shell made mostly of polysaccharides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemosynthesis does not produce oxygen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strengthen the cell wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By incorporating inorganic carbon into organic compounds using ATP. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By rotating the flagella to respond to stimuli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unorganized, soft, and loose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Via light-activated electron transport chain processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proton motive force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attachment to surfaces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Efflux is the removal of toxins, while secretion refers to the release of proteins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contains porins and LPS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It specifically uses sugar acids with carboxyl groups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When oxygen is available (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To convert complex food molecules into simpler catabolites for energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rod-shaped bacteria that are typically long and straight.

Prefix meaning 'chains' in bacterial arrangements.

Spherical-shaped bacteria that can exist individually or in clusters.

Movement of nutrients along the concentration gradient without energy use.

A structural component of bacterial cell walls made of glycan chains and peptides.

Two types of bacterial cell walls differing in thickness and stain response.

Long, flexible bacteria with a corkscrew shape, equipped with axial filaments.

Movement of substances against the concentration gradient, requiring energy.

The protective layer surrounding bacterial cells, includes plasma membrane, cell wall, and outer membrane.

A gel-like substance where proteins and macromolecules are suspended within the bacterial cell.

Area in prokaryotic cells containing DNA, including chromosomal DNA and plasmids.

A protective polysaccharide or protein layer outside the cell wall that aids in adhesion and protects from phagocytosis.

Whip-like appendages that aid in bacterial movement.

Resistant structures formed by some bacteria that protect against harsh conditions.

Cell-to-cell communication mechanism using signaling molecules to coordinate group behaviors.

Evolutionary process where larger cells engulfed smaller bacteria, leading to organelle formation.

Hair-like structures for adherence and sometimes motility.

Movement of a cell in response to chemical stimuli.

Movement of prokaryotes using flagella for propulsion.

Made of flagellin, spins, powered by proton motive force.

Made of microtubules, whip-like motion using ATP.

Sugar shell protecting cells, includes capsules and slime layers.

Protein or glycoprotein lattice outside the cell wall in some bacteria.

A form of respiration that occurs without oxygen, using alternative electron acceptors.

Organisms that obtain energy by oxidizing chemical compounds.

The process of converting inorganic CO2 into organic compounds by autotrophic organisms.

Organisms that obtain energy from inorganic compounds.

Part of photosynthesis, it uses light to split water molecules to release oxygen.

Oxygenic phototrophs use water and produce oxygen, while anoxygenic phototrophs do not produce oxygen and may use sulfur.

Organisms that create their own food from inorganic substances, usually CO2.

Organisms that obtain energy from chemical compounds and use CO2 as a carbon source.

Thin layers of bacteria that form on surfaces, especially problematic in lungs.

Provides shape and protects bacteria from osmotic stress.

Energy carriers that transfer energy between catabolic and anabolic reactions.

Process that breaks down glucose to produce ATP and pyruvate.

A metabolic pathway yielding NADPH, ATP, and pyruvic acid using sugar acids.

A pathway that mainly produces NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate, for biosynthesis.

Conversion of pyruvate during fermentation or in the TCA cycle.

Cycle that converts CO2 into glucose using ATP and NADPH.

Essential components needed for the Calvin cycle: CO2, ATP, NADPH.

Products of the Calvin cycle: glucose, ADP, NADP+.

Aerobes need oxygen, anaerobes do not.

Organisms that require specific nutritional factors to grow.

Microbes that thrive in extreme environmental conditions.

Primary are essential for growth; secondary are for survival and defense.