Questions and Answers
What are organisms that are visible only through a microscope called?
Microorganisms or microbes
What is the process that uses bacteria, mold, or yeast to convert sugars to alcohol?
Fermentation
Which of the following foods is NOT made by fermentation? (Select one)
Who is considered the 'father of Western medicine'? (Select one)
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Who was the first to observe 'animalcules' under the microscope? (Select one)
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Who proposed that swamps might harbor tiny, disease-causing animals too small to see? (Select one)
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Thucydides is known as the father of _______________.
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Researchers think that Ötzi the Iceman may have been infected with _____ disease.
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The process by which microbes turn grape juice into wine is called _______________.
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What is the classification, description, identification, and naming of living organisms called?
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What is a scientific naming system where every organism has a unique name consisting of two parts?
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What diagram shows how species are related to each other through common ancestors?
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Which of the following was NOT a kingdom in Linnaeus's taxonomy? (Select one)
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Which of the following is a correct usage of binomial nomenclature? (Select one)
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Which scientist proposed adding a kingdom for protists? (Select one)
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Which of the following is NOT a domain in Woese and Fox's phylogenetic tree? (Select one)
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Which of the following is the standard resource for identifying bacteria? (Select one)
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In binomial nomenclature, an organism's scientific name includes its ________ and __________.
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Whittaker proposed adding the kingdoms ________ and ________ to his phylogenetic tree.
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__________ are organisms without membrane-bound nuclei.
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Microorganisms are very diverse and are found in all three domains of life:
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Archaea and bacteria are classified as?
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What type of organisms inhabit nearly every environment on earth, but no archaea have been identified as human pathogens?
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What type of organisms include algae, protozoa, fungi, and helminths?
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What term describes plant-like organisms that derive energy via photosynthesis?
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What are unicellular organisms with complex cell structures called?
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What do microscopic fungi include?
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What are multicellular parasitic worms called?
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What are acellular microorganisms that require a host to reproduce?
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Which of the following types of microorganisms is photosynthetic? (Select one)
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Which of the following is a prokaryotic microorganism? (Select one)
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Which of the following is acellular? (Select one)
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Which of the following is a type of fungal microorganism? (Select one)
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Which of the following is not a subfield of microbiology? (Select one)
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A ________ is a disease-causing microorganism.
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Multicellular parasitic worms studied by microbiologists are called ___________.
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The study of viruses is ___________.
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The cells of prokaryotic organisms lack a _______.
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Study Notes
Microorganisms and Fermentation
- Microorganisms, or microbes, can only be seen under a microscope.
- Fermentation is an anaerobic process converting sugars into alcohol, gases, and organic acids using bacteria, mold, or yeast.
- Foods produced through fermentation include beer, bread, and cheese, while orange juice is not derived from this process.
Historical Figures in Microbiology
- Hippocrates is known as the "father of Western medicine."
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe "animalcules" under a microscope.
- Marcus Terentius Varro suggested that swamps might contain small, disease-causing organisms.
- Thucydides is recognized as the father of scientific history.
- Ötzi the Iceman is thought to have had Lyme disease.
Taxonomy and Nomenclature
- Taxonomy involves classifying, describing, identifying, and naming living organisms.
- Binomial nomenclature assigns a unique two-part name (genus and species) to organisms.
- A phylogenetic tree illustrates relationships among species through common ancestors.
- Proteins are incorrect according to Linnaeus's original king: they were not a part of his taxonomy system.
Domains and Classification
- Woese and Fox's phylogenetic tree does not include Plantae as a domain.
- Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology is the standard reference for identifying bacteria.
- Organisms are classified into three domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
- Prokaryotes, which include Archaea and Bacteria, lack membrane-bound nuclei.
Definitions of Organisms
- Archaea are found in diverse environments without being human pathogens.
- Eukaryotes consist of algae, protozoa, fungi, and helminths.
- Algae are photosynthetic, either unicellular or multicellular.
- Protozoa are motile, unicellular organisms.
- Microscopic fungi include molds and yeasts.
Parasitic and Acellular Microorganisms
- Helminths are multicellular parasitic worms, studied in microbiology due to microscopic eggs and larvae.
- Viruses, which are acellular, need a host for reproduction.
- Algae are the only photosynthetic microorganisms listed as answer options in specific questions.
Various Microbiology Subfields
- Prokaryotic microorganisms include cyanobacterium, while yeast is a type of fungal microorganism.
- Virology is the study of viruses.
- Botany is not considered a subfield of microbiology, while bacteriology, clinical microbiology, and virology are.
Pathogens
- A pathogen is defined as any disease-causing microorganism.
- Multicellular parasitic worms are referred to as helminths in microbiological studies.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of the fundamental concepts in microbiology with these flashcards from Openstax Chapter 1. This quiz covers key definitions and processes, such as fermentation and microorganisms. Perfect for students eager to enhance their understanding of microbial science.
