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Which of the following are primarily caused by normal oral bacterial flora? (Select all that apply)
Odontogenic infections typically arise from tooth-related sources.
True
What type of bacteria are most commonly isolated from odontogenic infections?
Viridans-type streptococci
Which of the following is a principle of managing odontogenic infections? (Select all that apply)
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The stage of infection characterized by the invading bacteria beginning to colonize is called the ______ stage.
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What happens when bacteria infiltrate deeper soft tissues during odontogenic infections?
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Which type of organisms are facultative organisms capable of surviving with or without?
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Match the following stages of infection with their descriptions:
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Which of the following are types of bacteria involved in odontogenic infections? (Select all that apply)
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Odontogenic infections typically involve only one type of bacteria.
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What is the most commonly isolated aerobic bacterium from odontogenic infections?
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Which bacteria are most commonly isolated anaerobic bacteria from odontogenic infections?
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What role does hyaluronidase play in odontogenic infections?
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What effect does the spreading infection have on the surrounding blood vessels?
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Study Notes
Microbiology of Odontogenic Infections
- Odontogenic infections are primarily caused by normal oral bacterial flora.
- Common bacteria include aerobic gram-positive cocci, anaerobic gram-positive cocci, and anaerobic gram-negative rods.
- Infections are often polymicrobial, involving multiple bacteria, making it difficult to identify a single primary organism.
- Viridans-type streptococci are the most commonly isolated aerobic bacteria from odontogenic infections.
- Facultative organisms can survive with or without oxygen and may initiate the progression of superficial infections into deeper tissues.
- Bacteroides spp. are the most commonly isolated anaerobic bacteria from odontogenic infections.
- Other commonly isolated anaerobic bacteria include Prevotella and Peptostreptococcus spp.
Pathophysiology of Odontogenic Infections
- Odontogenic infections arise from tooth-related endodontic or periodontal sources.
- Common etiologies include a necrotic pulp from a carious or fractured tooth, pericoronitis from a partially impacted tooth, or deep periodontal pockets.
- Infections spread through the path of least resistance.
- For endodontic infections, the infection in the periradicular region erodes through the facial or lingual cortex of the bone of the maxilla or mandible.
- The location of this erosion depends on the faciolingual location of the infection source and the thickness of the cortical bone.
- As infection spreads into deeper tissues, bacterial byproducts create an acidic environment, facilitating the growth of anaerobes.
- Anaerobes predominate, resulting in further tissue breakdown, liquefaction necrosis, and the breakdown of white blood cells (WBCs).
- This creates microabscesses that may coalesce and manifest clinically as an abscess.
- The pressure from an expanding abscess increases hydrostatic pressure on surrounding blood vessels, compromising blood flow and leading to ischemia, further increasing the zone of bacterial growth within the abscess cavity.
4 Stages of Infection
- Inoculation (edema) stage: The invading bacteria begin to colonize, typically occurring in the first 3 days of symptom onset. This stage is characterized by diffuse, soft, doughy red swelling.
Odontogenic Infections
- Primarily caused by normal oral bacterial flora.
- Involve multiple bacteria, making single organism identification challenging.
- Polymicrobial infections.
Common Oral Bacterial Flora
- Aerobic gram-positive cocci
- Anaerobic gram-positive cocci
- Anaerobic gram-negative rods
Viridans-type streptococci
- Most common aerobic bacteria isolated.
Facultative Organisms
- Survive with or without oxygen
- Believed to initiate deeper tissue infection progression.
Bacteroides spp.
- Most commonly isolated anaerobic bacteria.
- Followed by Prevotella and Peptostreptococcus spp.
Infection Spread and Progression
- Bacteria penetrate fascial spaces.
- Produce hyaluronidase which facilitates spread through subcutaneous tissue.
- Deeper tissues become acidic favoring anaerobic growth.
- Anaerobes dominate and break down tissue, causing liquefaction necrosis.
- Breakdown of white blood cells (WBCs).
Abscess Formation
- Microabscesses form, coalescing into larger abscesses.
- Expanding abscesses increase hydrostatic pressure on blood vessels.
- Compromised blood flow leads to ischemia.
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Description
This quiz covers the microbiological aspects of odontogenic infections, focusing on the bacteria involved and their roles in these infections. Learn about the common bacterial flora, polymicrobial infection dynamics, and specific bacteria that contribute to oral infections. Test your understanding of the pathophysiology and microbiology that underpins these conditions.
