Microbiology of Bacteria: Pseudomonadota and Enteric

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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes phylum Pseudomonadota from non-Pseudomonadota in bacteria?

Pseudomonadota show extreme metabolic diversity. (correct)

Pseudomonadota are all Gram positive.

Non-Pseudomonadota exhibit a single cell shape.

Pseudomonadota lack industrial significance.

Which of the following statements accurately describes Enteric Bacteria?

They commonly possess peritrichous flagella if motile. (correct)

Enteric Bacteria do not cause human infections.

Enteric Bacteria are exclusively aerobic organisms.

All Enteric Bacteria are Gram positive.

Which of the following best describes the Gram classification of Pseudomonadota?

All members of Pseudomonadota are Gram negative. (correct)

Pseudomonadota are primarily Gram variable.

They can be both Gram positive and Gram negative.

Pseudomonadota are strictly Gram positive.

What type of antigens are associated with Enteric Bacteria?

O, H, and K antigens. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT true for all Enteric Bacteria?

They all produce spores. Signup and view all the answers

What infectious disease is primarily caused by Yersinia pestis?

Bubonic plague Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Salmonella is accurate?

Salmonellosis requires a large infectious dose. Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is associated with the virulence of Yersinia pestis?

Necrosis of tissue and buboes Signup and view all the answers

What type of organism is Aliivibrio fischeri?

Facultative anaerobe Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following traits is common to Bdellovibrio?

It is a predatory bacterium attacking Gram-negative pathogens. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes how a Latin organism name is formatted?

The genus starts with an uppercase letter, the species is in lowercase, and both should be italicized. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when writing Latin organism names for the first time?

They should be written in full form. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct way to write the name of the species Escherichia coli?

Escherichia coli Signup and view all the answers

The term 'Gram negative' refers to which type of bacteria?

Bacteria that lack a complex cell wall. Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper abbreviated form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

P.aeruginosa Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of Pseudomonadota?

They are typically gram-positive. Signup and view all the answers

How should the name Helicobacter pylori be correctly written?

Helicobacter pylori Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes members of the phylum Cyanobacteriota from other bacteria?

They are oxygenic phototrophs. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following genera is known to be pathogenic and causes syphilis?

Treponema Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of the phylum Bacteriodota?

They are mostly anaerobic. Signup and view all the answers

What role do heterocysts play in some cyanobacteria?

They help fix nitrogen. Signup and view all the answers

How does Treponema pallidum primarily increase the risk of transmission?

Through sexual contact. Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial phylum is characterized by a corkscrew shape and axial filament motility?

Spirochaetota Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Chlamydia trachomatis?

It is obligately intracellular. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of geosmin, responsible for the earthy smell after rain?

Cyanobacteriota Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the hallmarks of dysbiosis related to Alistipes?

Association with depression. Signup and view all the answers

What is significant about the cell structure of Chlamydiota?

Reduced genome with 1000 genes. Signup and view all the answers

How are the bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetota primarily described?

Thin and corkscrew-shaped. Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is considered a historical treatment for syphilis?

Penicillin Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria primarily exists in abundant numbers in human feces from the phylum Bacteriodota?

Anaerobic bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

How do axial filaments contribute to the functionality of Spirochaetes?

They provide motility through corkscrew movement. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gram-Negative Bacteria

Gram-negative bacteria are a diverse group, exhibiting various shapes and sizes.
Images show diverse morphologies, including rod-shaped bacteria, spiral bacteria, and coccoid bacteria.
The classifications presented showcase diverse bacterial shapes and appearances under various microscopes.
The images present different levels of magnification and detail, from overall morphology to internal structures, clearly depicting bacterial diversity.

Learning Objectives

The presentation outlines learning aims, focusing on prokaryotic classification using the Linnaean system.
Students will learn to write correctly the binomial nomenclature for organisms.
Understanding different bacterial lineages (Pseudomonadota and Non-Pseudomonadota) is a key objective.
The learning objectives encompass fundamental concepts, providing a scope for in-depth understanding and application.

Taxonomic Hierarchy

The presentation explains a taxonomic hierarchy, a structured approach to classifying organisms.
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species are presented.
The example showcases the species Lucanus cervus, demonstrating a specific hierarchy.

Writing Latin Names

The presentation explains the rules for writing scientific names, drawing from the Latin language.
Use upper-case letters for genus names and lower-case for species.
Names should be italicized in typewritten form and underlined in handwritten format.
For consistent communication of prokaryotic names, clear grammatical and typographical guidelines are essential.

Examples

The presentation demonstrates correct scientific nomenclature with the Escherichia coli example.
Other correct examples, like Helicobacter pylori, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Burkholderia cepacia, are included.

Classifying Prokaryotes

Bacteria are classified into Gram-positive and Gram-negative groups, which are then further sub-divided.
The presentation provides a hierarchical classification for the microorganisms detailed, including Pseudomonadota, and Non-Pseudomonadota and further sub-divisions.
This hierarchical classification structure helps categorize and understand the diversity of life on Earth, specifically from the perspective of prokaryotic species.

Phylum: Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria)

This phylum is a diverse and significant group of bacteria.
They are known to display a broad range of metabolic strategies and play roles in ecosystem functions, as well as medical and agricultural contexts.
Significant numbers are important in industrial practices.

Enteric Bacteria

This group of bacteria is a major source of infections in humans.
They exhibit a range of characteristics, including specific shapes and motility.

Salmonella

Salmonella is commonly found in animals.
Infection can cause illness in humans through various types of contamination.
Infectious dose and symptoms are factors to consider in treatment protocols.

Yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis, notorious for causing plague.
This bacteria causes both bubonic and pneumonic plague, a crucial disease of historical significance.
Transmission routes from animals to humans via insects are detailed.

Non-Enteric Pseudomonadota

This group of bacteria includes diverse groups, exhibiting unique evolutionary and environmental adaptations.
These bacteria comprise a collection of species with distinct roles in natural and human-impacted settings.

Aliivibrio fischeri (Vibrio fischeri)

This marine bacteria exhibits bioluminescence, a noteworthy feature of organisms in the environment.

Bdellovibrio

Bdellovibrio, a predatory group.
It attacks Gram-negative bacteria, functioning as a natural antibiotic.
Its evolutionary strategies and impact on host populations/processes are relevant aspects of understanding its role in the environment.

Caulobacter

Caulobacter is a freshwater inhabitant with unique cellular division processes.

Non-Pseudomonadota

This category encompasses various Gram-negative groups besides the Pseudomonadota.
This bacteria group displays a wide range of characteristics and evolutionary adaptations in a complex ecosystem.

Phylum: Cyanobacteriota (Cyanobacteria)

This phylum plays a key role in global nutrient cycles and oxygen production.
This group is important to understand, as it directly impinges on atmospheric composition on a global scale.

Importance of Cyanobacteria

These bacteria are essential for the biosphere as producers of oxygen and nitrogen fixation.
These microorganisms perform important ecological functions in diverse conditions.

Phylum: Spirochaetota (Spirochetes)

Spirochetes is a diverse and significant lineage of bacteria that inhabit different ecological niches.

Treponema

Treponema bacteria include pathogenic and commensal species.
Treponema pallidum is the bacterium causing syphilis.

Syphilis

Syphilis is an example of a sexually transmitted infection resulting from Treponema Pallidum.
This sexually transmitted disease causes issues in human health, with important transmission vectors from the perspective of prevention.

Phylum: Bacteriodota (Bacteroidetes)

Bacteroidetes, primarily anaerobic, are commensal bacteria in human and animal digestive systems.
This bacteria plays an important role in the overall health and immunity of the host.

Alistipes

This bacteria species is found in the gut, with its abundance potentially associated with human health conditions, such as mental health and cancer outcomes/therapy.

Phylum: Chlamydiota (Chlamydiae)

Gram-negative bacteria known for obligate intracellular existence and pathogenic characteristics.
The presentation highlights the different forms of the chlamydiae family and their medical significance.

Chlamydia trachomatis

This chlamydia causes several diseases, with trachoma as a notable example that affects the eyes and is spread through physical contact.
Methods of transmission and specific symptoms are relevant to human health.

Additional Notes

The presentation highlights the different lineages of bacteria, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative, and the diversity within each class.
The presentations are structured in a way that the student can follow the different taxonomic classifications and learn about their roles in the environment and human health.
Numerous microbes are pathogenic, as shown in the examples provided, but not all. Gram-positive bacteria are relevant, but not covered in the specific content provided.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the classification and characteristics of bacteria within the Pseudomonadota phylum and Enteric Bacteria. This quiz covers topics such as Gram classification, virulence factors, and specific pathogens. Assess your understanding of bacterial diversity and their infectious roles.