Microbiology Lab Safety Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What biosafety level are most microbes in our lab?

  • BSL-1 (correct)
  • BSL-4
  • BSL-3
  • BSL-2

    • According to Dr. Franklund, what is the most dangerous thing in our microbiology lab?

  • The microbes
  • Your lab partner
  • The bunsen burner (correct)
  • The incubators

    • What type of fire extinguisher does our lab have?

  • ABC (correct)
  • A
  • Foam
  • Halon

    • Where is our lab's tornado evacuation location?

    <p>The hallway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you put down the sink in our lab?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the edge of a colony?

    <p>Margin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to a macroscopic pile of microscopic cells?

    <p>Colony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Umbronate is an example of a colony's ___________.

    <p>Elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common color of bacterial colonies is what?

    <p>Tan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What solidifying agent is added to our plated media?

    <p>Agarose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum magnification using our microscopes?

    <p>1000 X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the ability to distinguish two objects as being separate from each other?

    <p>Resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of our objective lenses has the most working distance?

    <p>4X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How big is one ocular micrometer tick when using our 100X objective lens?

    <p>1 µm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of immersion oil?

    <p>To reduce light loss and improve resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How large are most bacteria?

    <p>1 to 5 µm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to ball-shaped microbes found in chains?

    <p>Streptococci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to spiral-shaped bacteria with axial filaments?

    <p>Spirochetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to rod-shaped bacteria?

    <p>Bacilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to ball-shaped bacteria that appear in packets of eight cells?

    <p>Sarcina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stain of the Gram stain?

    <p>Crystal violet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color is a properly stained Gram negative bacterium?

    <p>Pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who invented the Gram stain?

    <p>Hans Christian Gram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if you apply the destain for too long in the Gram stain?

    <p>Both Gram positive and negative cells would be pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of iodine in the Gram stain?

    <p>Mordant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a microbial capsule?

    <p>Evade phagocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are most microbial capsules made of?

    <p>Polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did we stain the background with in our capsule stains?

    <p>India ink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microbe is Cryptococcus neoformans?

    <p>Fungus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did capsules appear in our capsule stain?

    <p>Clear areas around the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a bacterial endospore?

    <p>Survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary stain in the endospore stain?

    <p>Malachite green</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the mordant in the endospore stain?

    <p>Heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair microbes make endospores?

    <p>Bacillus and Clostridium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color did endospore stain in our lab?

    <p>Green</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do we call this the acid fast stain?

    <p>The color does not come out in an acid wash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acid fast staining technique did we use?

    <p>Kinyoun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two diseases are typically caused by acid fast bacteria?

    <p>Tuberculosis and leprosy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color did our acid fast bacteria appear?

    <p>Dark red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the secondary stain in the acid fast procedure?

    <p>Methylene blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure do most bacteria use for motility in liquid media?

    <p>Flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to microbes with a single flagellum at one end?

    <p>Monotrichous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to bacteria with tufts of flagella at their end?

    <p>Lophotrichous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to bacteria with flagella at both of their ends?

    <p>Amphitrichous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to bacteria that have flagella all around their cell margin?

    <p>Peritrichous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you put 2 ml of sample into 8 ml of diluent, what is the tube dilution factor?

    <p>5X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you have three tubes with 1 ml of diluent in each and you sequentially transfer 1 ml of sample to each (i.e., 1 ml to #1, then 1 ml from #1 to #2 and 1 ml from #2 to #3), what is the SDF for tube 3?

    <p>8X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you dilute a sample 1000X, plate 0.1 ml, and observe 150 colonies the next day, how many cfu/ml were in the original culture?

    <p>1,500,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you have a culture with 50,000,000 cfu/ml and you serially dilute it by transferring 1 ml into 9 ml of diluent five times, how many colonies would you expect if you plate 0.2 ml?

    <p>100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Assume that you have a culture with 4,000,000 cfu/ml and you plated 0.5 ml. The next day you observe 200 colonies. How much was this culture diluted prior to plating?

    <p>10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of microbes are bacteriophage?

    <p>Acellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the protein coat that surrounds the phage genome?

    <p>Capsid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are these holes referred to as?

    <p>Plaques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Assume that you dilute a phage stock by adding 0.1 ml to 0.9 ml in 7 tubes sequentially and then plate 0.1 ml on host cells. If you saw 100 holes on the plate the next day, how many pfu/ml were in your stock?

    <p>1 x 10^10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In our lab, how many drops do we assume that it takes to make 1 ml?

    <p>30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clear areas around this disk called?

    <p>Zone of inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of tetracycline's action?

    <p>Ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What group of compounds includes aldehydes?

    <p>Alkylators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When you use isopropanol on your skin, it is acting as __________.

    <p>An antiseptic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is a surfactant?

    <p>Roccal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify this protozoan pathogen.

    <p>Entamoeba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify this protozoan pathogen.

    <p>Plasmodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify this protozoan pathogen.

    <p>Balantidium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify this protozoan pathogen.

    <p>Trichomonas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify this protozoan pathogen.

    <p>Giardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What biomolecule are fungal cell walls composed of?

    <p>Chitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fungus does this image represent?

    <p>Syncephalatrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fungus does this image represent?

    <p>Penicillium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fungus does this represent?

    <p>Rhizopus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fungus does this image represent?

    <p>Fusarium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microbe grows best between 20 and 40°C?

    <p>Mesophile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microbe grows best between pH 3 and pH 4?

    <p>Acidophile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microbe will only grow in the presence of 5 to 15% NaCl?

    <p>Halophile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pH would a neutrophile grow best at?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these best describes most bacterial pathogens?

    <p>Neutrophile and Mesophile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oxygen indicator found in Brewer's anaerobic agar?

    <p>Methylene blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a GasPak jar, what is oxygen converted into?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of growth is exhibited in this fluid thioglycollate tube?

    <p>Facultative anaerobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of growth is exhibited in this fluid thioglycollate tube?

    <p>Obligate aerobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microbe would grow inside a GasPak jar but not outside of it?

    <p>Obligate anaerobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percent of a microbial population will remain after one D-value has transpired?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If we hold the time of exposure constant at 10 minutes and it required 80°C to achieve sterilization, 80°C is the ___________.

    <p>Thermal death point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If we hold the temperature constant at 70°C and it requires 23 minutes to achieve sterilization, 23 minutes is the ______.

    <p>Thermal death time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Bacillus cereus so resistant to killing by heat?

    <p>It makes endospores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the complete killing of all microbes on a surface?

    <p>Sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these microbes is most resistant to UV killing?

    <p>Bacillus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these has the shortest wavelength?

    <p>UVC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is the most germicidal wavelength of UV light?

    <p>260 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sort of cellular damage is caused by UV light?

    <p>T-T dimers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of UV light is used in tanning booths (hopefully)?

    <p>UVA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What biochemical test are all coliforms positive for?

    <p>Lactose fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color is a positive urease test?

    <p>Pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reaction would a TSI tube show if glucose was fermented, but not sucrose or lactose?

    <p>K/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is broken down in a positive indole test?

    <p>Tryptophan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color does a positive citrate test turn?

    <p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compound is broken down in a catalase test?

    <p>Hydrogen peroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inhibitory molecule is found in EF broth?

    <p>Sodium azide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hemolysis results in complete clearing on blood agar?

    <p>Beta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What antibiotic is found on our A disks?

    <p>Bacitracin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of media is mannitol salt agar?

    <p>Selective and differential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biosafety and Lab Safety

    • Most microbes in the lab are classified as BSL-1.
    • The most dangerous item in the microbiology lab is the Bunsen burner.
    • The lab has an ABC type fire extinguisher.
    • Tornado evacuation location is designated as the hallway.
    • Only water should be disposed of down the sink in the lab.

    Colony Characteristics and Microscopy

    • The edge of a colony is referred to as the margin.
    • A macroscopic pile of microscopic cells is called a colony.
    • Umbronate describes a colony's elevation.
    • The most common color for bacterial colonies is tan.
    • Agarose serves as the solidifying agent in plated media.
    • The maximum magnification using lab microscopes is 1000X.
    • Resolution refers to the ability to distinguish two separate objects.

    Bacterial Morphology

    • Rod-shaped bacteria are termed bacilli.
    • Ball-shaped bacteria in chains are called streptococci.
    • Spiral-shaped bacteria with axial filaments are spirochetes.
    • Ball-shaped bacteria that appear in packets of eight cells are termed sarcina.

    Gram Staining Procedure

    • The primary stain in the Gram stain process is crystal violet.
    • Gram-negative bacteria appear pink after proper staining.
    • The Gram stain was invented by Hans Christian Gram.
    • If the destain process is prolonged, both Gram-positive and negative cells appear pink.
    • Iodine functions as a mordant in the Gram staining process.

    Microbial Structures and Functions

    • The primary function of a microbial capsule is to evade phagocytes.
    • Capsules are typically made of polysaccharides.
    • Bacterial endospores are primarily used for survival.
    • Endospores appear green when stained with malachite green.

    Acid-Fast Staining

    • The acid-fast stain is so named because the primary stain does not wash out in acid.
    • Kinyoun staining technique is used for acid-fast bacteria.
    • Common diseases caused by acid-fast bacteria include tuberculosis and leprosy.
    • Acid-fast bacteria appear dark red after staining, with methylene blue as the secondary stain.

    Microbial Mobility

    • Most bacteria utilize flagella for motility in liquid media.
    • Bacteria with a single flagellum at one end are called monotrichous.
    • Bacteria with flags at both ends are referred to as amphitrichous, while those with tufts are lophotrichous.

    Dilution and Colony Counting

    • To calculate tube dilution factor: when 2 ml is put into 8 ml of diluent, the factor is 5X.
    • A culture diluted 1000X and yielding 150 colonies results in an original concentration of 1,500,000 cfu/ml.
    • Serial dilutions can be calculated based on the amount transferred and plated.

    Bacteriophage and Viral Structure

    • Bacteriophages are classified as acellular microbes.
    • The protein coat surrounding the phage genome is termed capsid.
    • Clear areas around disks on agar plates are known as zones of inhibition.

    Microbial Resistance and Sterilization

    • Sterilization refers to complete killing of all microbes on a surface.
    • Bacillus cereus is known for its resistance to heat due to endospore formation.
    • Germicidal effectiveness of UV light is highest at a wavelength of 260 nm, producing T-T dimers in DNA.

    Biochemical Testing

    • All coliforms test positive for lactose fermentation, indicative of their metabolic capability.
    • A positive urease test results in a pink coloration.
    • TSI (Triple Sugar Iron) test shows K/A if only glucose is fermented.
    • Indole test detects the breakdown of tryptophan, producing a positive result when the indicator changes color.
    • The hemolytic pattern of complete clearing on blood agar is classified as beta hemolysis.

    Growth Conditions for Microbes

    • Mesophiles thrive best at temperatures between 20 and 40°C.
    • Acidophiles prefer environments with a pH of 3 to 4.
    • Halophiles grow optimally in high salt concentrations, between 5% to 15% NaCl.
    • Neutrophiles grow best at a pH of 7, typical of many pathogens.

    Media and Inhibition

    • Mannitol salt agar is both selective and differential for specific microorganisms.
    • Antibiotic sensitivity testing, such as with Bacitracin on A disks, identifies susceptibility or resistance of bacteria.

    Antiseptics and Disinfectants

    • Isopropanol acts as an antiseptic when used on skin.
    • Roccal is identified as a surfactant compound effective in microbe control.

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    Test your knowledge on microbiology lab safety protocols and equipment with this quiz. Questions cover biosafety levels, hazards, and fire safety measures specific to the lab environment. Perfect for students and professionals looking to enhance their safety awareness in microbiology labs.

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