Microbiology History and Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What term was used by Van Leeuwenhoek to describe microbes?

  • Animalcules (correct)
  • Microorganisms
  • Archaea
  • Bacteria

What is the term for the measure of how greatly a substance slows light?

  • Magnification
  • Refractive index (correct)
  • Resolution
  • Focal length

What is the purpose of oil in light microscopy?

  • To fix the bacteria to the slide
  • To decrease the magnification
  • To increase the focal length
  • To get better resolution and achieve 1000x magnification (correct)

What is the process of preparing bacteria for observation by attaching them to a slide?

<p>Heat fixing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the distance between the center of the lens and the focal point?

<p>Focal length (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is gram staining necessary for observing bacteria?

<p>Because bacteria have no color (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of light moving into a different medium?

<p>It gets detracted (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the objective lens in a compound microscope?

<p>To bend the light (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Louis Pasteur's work in relation to spontaneous generation?

<p>He disproved that spontaneous generation occurs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chemical fixation in preparing bacterial samples for microscopy?

<p>To preserve the structure of the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some bacteria, such as those that cause tuberculosis, require special staining procedures?

<p>Because they have high lipid content in their cell walls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the iodine step in the Gram staining procedure?

<p>To bind to the peptidoglycan layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microscopy is used to visualize live bacteria without staining?

<p>Phase-contrast microscopy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the filters in fluorescence microscopy?

<p>To remove long wavelengths (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using confocal microscopy?

<p>It provides a three-dimensional image (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to dehydrate and fix samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM)?

<p>To allow for the beam of electrons to pass through (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between TEM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)?

<p>TEM is used for studying internal structures, while SEM is used for studying surface structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of cryotomography over other types of microscopy?

<p>It does not require fixation or dehydration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why bacteria need to be stained for observation under a light microscope?

<p>Because they have no color (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the objective lens in a compound microscope?

<p>To focus the light on the sample (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of using a shorter focal length in a microscope?

<p>Greater magnification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is oil needed for high-magnification microscopy?

<p>To achieve a resolution of 1000x magnification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Louis Pasteur's work?

<p>He disproved the theory of spontaneous generation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the measure of how greatly a substance slows light?

<p>Refractive index (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of heat fixing bacteria to a slide?

<p>To attach the bacteria to the slide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the bending of light as it passes through a different medium?

<p>Refraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Van Leeuwenhoek's work?

<p>He was the first to describe microbes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using acid to treat certain bacteria before Gram staining?

<p>To break down the high lipid content in the cell wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between basic and acidic dyes in bacterial staining?

<p>Basic dyes have a positive charge and acidic dyes have a negative charge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the heat fixation step in Gram staining?

<p>To adhere the bacteria to the slide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using fluorescence microscopy for bacterial observation?

<p>It enables the visualization of specific structures or molecules within the bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between TEM and SEM?

<p>TEM is used for observing the internal structure of bacteria, while SEM is used for observing the surface of bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the counterstain step in Gram staining?

<p>To enhance the differentiation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are some bacteria resistant to heat fixation?

<p>Because they have endospores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using confocal microscopy for bacterial observation?

<p>It enables the visualization of three-dimensional structures within the bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using cryotomography for bacterial observation?

<p>It enables the visualization of internal structures without the need for fixation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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