Microbiology: History and Discoveries
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Questions and Answers

Who proposed the double helix structure of DNA?

  • Linus Pauling
  • Stanley Prusiner
  • Kary Mullis
  • James Watson (correct)

Which scientist is credited with the discovery of restriction enzymes that can cut DNA at specific sequences?

  • Frederick Sanger
  • Hamilton O. Smith (correct)
  • Craig Venter
  • Barbara McClintock

Who received the Nobel Prize for the discovery of RNA interference, a mechanism of silencing by small RNA molecules?

  • Jennifer Doudna
  • Craig Mello (correct)
  • Harold Zur Hausen
  • Carlo Urbani

Who was the first to discover the existence of microorganisms in various samples of water, saliva, and other substances?

<p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bacterium that causes peptic ulcer and gastric cancers for which a Nobel Prize was received?

<p>Helicobacter pylori (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist was responsible for developing the first vaccine for smallpox using the cowpox virus?

<p>Edward Jenner (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which year saw the development of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, a powerful tool for genome editing?

<p>2012 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation and proposed the germ theory of disease?

<p>Louis Pasteur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the first human trial of a vaccine against malaria launched in Africa?

<p>2019 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is known for identifying the bacterium that causes anthrax and establishing Koch's postulates?

<p>Robert Koch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered the first virus, known as Tobacco Mosaic Virus, and coined the term 'virus'?

<p>Dmitri Ivanovsky (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist demonstrated that bacteria can mutate and develop resistance to viruses?

<p>Joshua Lederberg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some common characteristics of microorganisms?

<p>Can be either harmful or beneficial (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field of study focuses on the smallest organisms such as bacteria and archaea?

<p>Bacteriology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do some microorganisms play in the industry?

<p>Produce fermented foods like vinegar and cheese (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do microorganisms differ from macroscopic organisms?

<p>Microorganisms are too small to be seen without a microscope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific field focuses on the study of viruses?

<p>Virology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are microorganisms named using the Linnaeus system of scientific nomenclature?

<p>Each organism is given two names: Genus and Specific epithet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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