Microbiology: History and Discoveries
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Questions and Answers

Who proposed the double helix structure of DNA?

  • Linus Pauling
  • Stanley Prusiner
  • Kary Mullis
  • James Watson (correct)
  • Which scientist is credited with the discovery of restriction enzymes that can cut DNA at specific sequences?

  • Frederick Sanger
  • Hamilton O. Smith (correct)
  • Craig Venter
  • Barbara McClintock
  • Who received the Nobel Prize for the discovery of RNA interference, a mechanism of silencing by small RNA molecules?

  • Jennifer Doudna
  • Craig Mello (correct)
  • Harold Zur Hausen
  • Carlo Urbani
  • Who was the first to discover the existence of microorganisms in various samples of water, saliva, and other substances?

    <p>Antonie van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bacterium that causes peptic ulcer and gastric cancers for which a Nobel Prize was received?

    <p>Helicobacter pylori</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist was responsible for developing the first vaccine for smallpox using the cowpox virus?

    <p>Edward Jenner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which year saw the development of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, a powerful tool for genome editing?

    <p>2012</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation and proposed the germ theory of disease?

    <p>Louis Pasteur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the first human trial of a vaccine against malaria launched in Africa?

    <p>2019</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist is known for identifying the bacterium that causes anthrax and establishing Koch's postulates?

    <p>Robert Koch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who discovered the first virus, known as Tobacco Mosaic Virus, and coined the term 'virus'?

    <p>Dmitri Ivanovsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist demonstrated that bacteria can mutate and develop resistance to viruses?

    <p>Joshua Lederberg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common characteristics of microorganisms?

    <p>Can be either harmful or beneficial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field of study focuses on the smallest organisms such as bacteria and archaea?

    <p>Bacteriology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do some microorganisms play in the industry?

    <p>Produce fermented foods like vinegar and cheese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do microorganisms differ from macroscopic organisms?

    <p>Microorganisms are too small to be seen without a microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientific field focuses on the study of viruses?

    <p>Virology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are microorganisms named using the Linnaeus system of scientific nomenclature?

    <p>Each organism is given two names: Genus and Specific epithet</p> Signup and view all the answers

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