Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a key characteristic that differentiates prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
What is a key characteristic that differentiates prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
Which scientist is known for developing aseptic techniques to control microbial contamination?
Which scientist is known for developing aseptic techniques to control microbial contamination?
What does binomial nomenclature specifically refer to?
What does binomial nomenclature specifically refer to?
What did Robert Koch contribute to the field of microbiology?
What did Robert Koch contribute to the field of microbiology?
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Which of the following is NOT a feature of prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of prokaryotic cells?
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Study Notes
Physiology Definition
- Physiology is the branch of biology studying the normal functions of living organisms and their components.
Key Figures in Microbiology
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723): First to observe living microbes using a single-lens microscope magnifying up to 300X.
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Louis Pasteur (1822-1895): Demonstrated that microbes cause fermentation and spoilage, disproving spontaneous generation. Developed aseptic techniques and a rabies vaccine.
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Robert Koch (1843-1910): Proposed the germ theory of disease, developed pure culture methods, and identified the causes of anthrax, tuberculosis, and cholera.
Microorganisms: Acellular and Cellular
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Acellular:
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Viruses
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Viroids
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Prions
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Cellular:
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Bacteria
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Fungi
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Protista (Protozoa and algae)
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Helminths (worms)
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
| Feature | Prokaryotes | Eukaryotes |
|---|---|---|
| Size | Smaller | Larger |
| Nucleus | Absent | Present |
| Organelles | Absent | Present |
| Chromosomes | 1 circular | Multiple, linear |
| Ribosomes | Smaller (70s) | Larger (80s) |
| Cell membranes | Lack sterols (e.g., cholesterol) | Sterols present |
Scientific Nomenclature
- Binomial nomenclature: Gives each microbe two names:
- Genus (noun, capitalized)
- Species (adjective, lowercase)
- Both italicized or underlined (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus or S. aureus, Escherichia coli or E. coli)
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in microbiology, including the definitions and functions of physiology, notable figures like Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, and the differences between acellular and cellular microorganisms. Test your understanding of prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their significance in the biological sciences.
