Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a key characteristic that differentiates prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
What is a key characteristic that differentiates prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
- Prokaryotic cells have a nucleoid instead of a true nucleus. (correct)
- Prokaryotic cells are always smaller than eukaryotic cells.
- Prokaryotic cells contain multiple linear chromosomes.
- Prokaryotic cells have larger ribosomes than eukaryotic cells.
Which scientist is known for developing aseptic techniques to control microbial contamination?
Which scientist is known for developing aseptic techniques to control microbial contamination?
- Charles Darwin
- Louis Pasteur (correct)
- Robert Koch
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
What does binomial nomenclature specifically refer to?
What does binomial nomenclature specifically refer to?
- The technique used to observe microbial movement.
- The two-name system used for naming organisms. (correct)
- The classification system for identifying viruses.
- A method of determining the size of microorganisms.
What did Robert Koch contribute to the field of microbiology?
What did Robert Koch contribute to the field of microbiology?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of prokaryotic cells?
Flashcards
What is physiology?
What is physiology?
The study of the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.
What are microbes?
What are microbes?
Tiny living organisms that can only be seen with a microscope. Examples include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
Who is Louis Pasteur?
Who is Louis Pasteur?
Developed aseptic techniques, disproved spontaneous generation, and developed a rabies vaccine.
Who is Robert Koch?
Who is Robert Koch?
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What is binomial nomenclature?
What is binomial nomenclature?
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Study Notes
Physiology Definition
- Physiology is the branch of biology studying the normal functions of living organisms and their components.
Key Figures in Microbiology
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723): First to observe living microbes using a single-lens microscope magnifying up to 300X.
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Louis Pasteur (1822-1895): Demonstrated that microbes cause fermentation and spoilage, disproving spontaneous generation. Developed aseptic techniques and a rabies vaccine.
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Robert Koch (1843-1910): Proposed the germ theory of disease, developed pure culture methods, and identified the causes of anthrax, tuberculosis, and cholera.
Microorganisms: Acellular and Cellular
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Acellular:
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Viruses
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Viroids
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Prions
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Cellular:
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Bacteria
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Fungi
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Protista (Protozoa and algae)
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Helminths (worms)
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
| Feature | Prokaryotes | Eukaryotes |
|---|---|---|
| Size | Smaller | Larger |
| Nucleus | Absent | Present |
| Organelles | Absent | Present |
| Chromosomes | 1 circular | Multiple, linear |
| Ribosomes | Smaller (70s) | Larger (80s) |
| Cell membranes | Lack sterols (e.g., cholesterol) | Sterols present |
Scientific Nomenclature
- Binomial nomenclature: Gives each microbe two names:
- Genus (noun, capitalized)
- Species (adjective, lowercase)
- Both italicized or underlined (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus or S. aureus, Escherichia coli or E. coli)
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