Microbiology First Semester Quiz

Microbiology Course Information

• Course title: Microbiology
• Level: First Level
• Semester: First Semester
• Academic Year: 2024-2025
• University: Mansoura National University
• Faculty: Faculty of Nursing

Introduction

• Microbiology is crucial for nursing practice, providing understanding of microorganisms, their structure, behavior, and impact.
• This course will cover immunology, genetics, virology, mycology, and infection control, emphasizing their clinical relevance.

General Bacteriology

• Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms (bacteria, fungi, algae, and viruses).
• Microorganisms are categorized into fields, like Bacteriology, Virology, Mycology, Protozoology, and Parasitology.
• A microorganism is a very small organism.

Living Things: Five Kingdoms

• A classification system for living things, including:
  • Plants
  • Animals
  • Fungi
  • Protista
  • Bacteria

Prokaryotic Organisms

• Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms.
• Prokaryotic organisms are single-celled organisms without a true nucleus.

Nomenclature

• The first word in the name of a bacterium is the genus (capitalized) and the second is species (lowercase).
• Both words should be italicized.

Typical Bacterial Cell Structure

• Capsule: Composed of polysaccharides and protects cells from the immune system or antibiotics.
• Cell wall: Is rigid and porous, composed of peptidoglycan, maintaining cell shape and protecting from mechanical damage.
• Cell membrane: A lipid bilayer that controls the movement of substances.
• Cytoplasm: Fluid within the cell with various organelles.
• Pilus: Used for attachment to surfaces and gene transfer.
• Flagellum: Used for movement.
• Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins.
• Chromosomal DNA: Located in a region called the nucleoid and carries genetic information.

Other Cellular Components

• Nucleoid region: Contains the DNA.
• Mitochondria: Generate energy.
• Golgi apparatus: Modifies proteins and lipids.
• Endoplasmic reticulum: Folds proteins.
• Nucleus: Found in eukaryotic cells with a membrane.

Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Growth Requirements

• Macronutrients
• Trace elements
• Growth factors -Amino acids, purines, pyrimidines
  • Vitamins
• Environmental requirements
  • Tempature (Psychrophiles, Mesophiles, Moderate thermophiles, Extreme thermophiles)
  • pH and Oxygen

Microbial Growth and Reproduction

• Microbial growth is the increase in the number of cells.
• Bacteria reproduce by binary fission.
• Growth curve includes lag, log, stationary, and death phases.

Cultivation of Bacteria

• Culture media: Nutrient materials for microbial growth.
• Types of media:
  • Complex Media: Plant/animal extracts
  • Synthetic Media: Defined chemical compounds.

Quiz (Page 11) Questions and Answers

• Note: Answers are inferred/provided from the provided text in the image and will not reflect any specific or external resources*
• 1:* The genus of Bacillus anthracis is Bacillus
• 2:* Flagella in bacteria enables movement
• 3:* Cell wall determines bacteria's shape

Classification of Bacteria

• Gram-positive: Thick peptidoglycan layer, violet-stained
• Gram-negative: Thin peptidoglycan layer, red/purple-stained
• Non-gram-positive or non-gram-negative: Lacking cell walls (Mycoplasma)

Classifications of Bacteria according to Pathogenicity

• Pathogenic bacteria: Capable of causing disease.
• Non-pathogenic bacteria: Don't cause disease/part of normal flora

Classifications of Bacteria according to Spore Formation

• Endospore forming bacteria
• Non-endospore forming bacteria

Bacterial shapes and arrangements

• Common bacterial shapes (cocci, bacilli, vibrio, spirillum)
• Arrangements (diplococci, streptococci, staphylococci, tetrads)

Quiz (Page 17) Questions and Answers

• Note: Answers are inferred/provided from the provided text in the image and will not reflect any specific or external resources*
• 1:* The production of both bread and insulin are examples of the useful use of microorganisms in biotechnology
• 2:* S. aureus lacks a cell wall
• 3:* Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis
• 4:* Cocci, vibrio, bacillus, and spiral are different shapes
• 5:* Bacteria less pathogenic than B means it's less able to make someone sick

Quizzes (Additional Questions and Answers)

• Note: Answers are inferred/provided from the provided text in the image and will not reflect any specific or external resources*
• 1:* Facultative anaerobes can grow in the presence and absence of oxygen
• 2:* Hyperthermophiles like high temps (80-113°C)
• 3:* Bacterias reproduction rate is equal to death rate during the stationary phase
• 4:* Binary fission is the way bacteria reproduce

Additional Note on the provided document

This document was a syllabus from a Microbiology course at a nursing school. Specific sections of quizzes and answers have been derived from images, and might differ slightly from a dedicated study guide.