Microbiology

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for the eradication of smallpox being considered a major public health success?

Improved public health infrastructure
WHO-organized widespread vaccination campaign
Discovery of antibiotics
Development of vaccines (correct)

What distinguishes an infectious disease from a communicable disease?

Ability to be transmitted from one host to another
Colonization on or within the body by a pathogen (correct)
Prevents the body from working normally
Global leading cause of death in 1900

Which disease has caused at least seven pandemics in the past 200 years, killing tens of millions of people around the world?

Bubonic plague
Cholera (correct)
Smallpox
Ebola

What has been a more recently arisen disease that regularly has outbreaks since its discovery in 1976?

Ebola virus disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of disease-causing microbes known as?

Medical microbiology (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which classification system has evolved from early 'trees of life' to modern DNA-based models?

Phylogenetic classification (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three domains in modern DNA-based classification models?

Bacteria, archaea, eukarya (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are more complex than archaeal or bacterial cells?

Eukaryotic cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms are Aspergillus and similar fungi?

Microscopic or macroscopic, single-celled or multicellular, with a rigid cell wall (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Dehalococcoides bacteria?

Dechlorinating PCE into harmless ethene (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms are recognized as 'non-bacteria' and often thrive in extreme conditions?

Archaea (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are prokaryotes?

Single-celled organisms without membrane-bound organelles (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are more abundant on the planet?

Bacterial cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What has significantly influenced human history through epidemics like the 1918 influenza pandemic?

Viruses (C) Signup and view all the answers

What has evolved from early bias towards visible organisms to modern DNA-based models?

Classification of microbes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the study of microbes essential?

To understand their role in disease, evolution, and the overall function of the planet (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a non-living infectious agent?

Viroid (B) Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the concept of 'invisible seeds' causing diseases?

Akshamsaddin (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist's work led to the acceptance of the Germ Theory?

Louis Pasteur (C) Signup and view all the answers

What did Joseph Lister's observations lead to the development of?

Antiseptic surgical practices (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which two domains are best fit by the 'tree of life'?

Bacteria and Archaea (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which infectious agent is an obligate intracellular parasite?

Virus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are prions?

Infectious proteins (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which theory attributing illnesses to poisonous emanations was widely accepted until the mid-19th century?

Miasma theory (A) Signup and view all the answers

What did Robert Koch's work lead to the development of?

Postulates to support the identification of the causative agent of disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which living organisms are studied by microbiologists?

Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of prions on living organisms?

Cause normal proteins to misfold, leading to neurodegenerative diseases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was widely accepted until the mid-19th century as the cause of illnesses?

Miasma theory (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is microbiology?

The study of organisms that are too small to be seen without a microscope (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where are microbes found?

Everywhere, including on the human body (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in agriculture?

Convert N2 to ammonia, a form of nitrogen that can be used by plants and animals (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is insulin produced for diabetes treatment?

Using recombinant DNA technology in bacteria or yeast (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of microbes in bioremediation?

They play a key role in the biodegradation of environmental pollutants and cleaning oil spills (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major global public health threat related to microbes?

Antibiotic resistance (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where can highly diverse microbes be found?

In extreme environments such as deep sea vents and on the human body (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant form of life on earth?

Microbes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of modern lives on the emergence and re-emergence of diseases?

Increases the likelihood of the emergence and re-emergence of diseases (B) Signup and view all the answers

What has the World Health Organization reported regarding health outcomes within countries?

Significant gaps in health outcomes within countries, rooted in differences in social status, income, ethnicity, gender, disability, or sexual orientation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What were the earliest forms of life on Earth?

Microbes, which were able to grow without oxygen (D) Signup and view all the answers

How are microbes important for food production and biotechnology?

They have a significant impact on food production, biotechnology, and the synthesis of commercially valuable chemicals (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Smallpox Eradication

Eradication of smallpox is a major public health success due to the development of vaccines.

Infectious vs. Communicable

Infectious disease: Colonization by a pathogen. Communicable disease: Capable of spreading.