Microbiology Course Code 30203321 Topic 5 Chapter 9 Quiz

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Match the following actions of microbial control agents with their effects:

Alteration of membrane permeability = Damage to nucleic acids Damage to proteins = Damage to nucleic acids Damage to nucleic acids = Alteration of membrane permeability

Match the following physical methods of microbial control with their descriptions:

Heat = Lowest temperature at which all cells in a culture are killed in 10 min. Thermal death point (TDP) = Heat

Match the following methods of microbial control with their descriptions:

Thermal death time (TDT) = Time to kill all cells in a culture Decimal reduction time (DRT) = Minutes to kill 90% of a population at a given temperature Autoclave = Sterilization method using steam under pressure Filtration = Method that removes microbes

Match the following physical methods of microbial control with their effects:

Moist heat = Denatures proteins Dry Heat = Kills by oxidation Low temperature = Inhibits microbial growth High pressure = Denatures proteins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following chemical disinfectants with their effects:

Phenol = Disrupts plasma membranes Halogens (Iodine, Chlorine) = Act as oxidizing agents Alcohols (Ethanol, isopropanol) = Denature proteins, dissolve lipids Heavy Metals (Ag, Hg, Cu) = Exhibit oligodynamic action Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of disinfectants with their descriptions:

Surfactants = Sanitizing, bactericidal; denature proteins and disrupt plasma membrane Chemical Food Preservatives = Inhibit metabolism; control molds and bacteria in foods and cosmetics Aldehydes = Inactivate proteins by cross-linking with functional groups (–NH2, –OH, –COOH, —SH) Antibiotics = Prevent spoilage Signup and view all the answers

Match the following physical methods of microbial control with their equivalent treatments:

Autoclave = 121˚C, 15 min Hot-air sterilization = 170˚C, 2 hr Refrigeration = Inhibits microbial growth Lyophilization = Prevents metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Match the following chemical disinfectants with their types:

Phenolic (Lysol, Bisphenols) = Disrupt plasma membranes Biguanides (Chlorhexidine) = Sanitizing, bactericidal; denature proteins and disrupt plasma membrane Organic Acids (Sorbic acid, benzoic acid) = Inhibit metabolism; control molds and bacteria in foods and cosmetics Nitrite = Prevents endospore germination Signup and view all the answers

Match the following physical methods of microbial control with their primary effects:

Heat = Denatures proteins Radiation = Damages DNA Low temperature = Inhibits microbial growth High pressure = Denatures proteins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following chemical disinfectants with their mechanism of action:

Halogens (Iodine, Chlorine) = Oxidizing agents Alcohols (Ethanol, isopropanol) = Denature proteins, dissolve lipids Heavy Metals (Ag, Hg, Cu) = Exhibit oligodynamic action Surface-Active Agents or Surfactants = Sanitizing; denature proteins and disrupt plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

Match the following methods of microbial control with their specific applications:

Filtration = Removes microbes Desiccation = Prevents metabolism Osmotic pressure = Causes plasmolysis Nonionizing radiation (UV) = Kills microbes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following chemical disinfectants with their use in evaluating a disinfectant:

Phenol = Used in the disk-diffusion method Aldehydes = Inactivate proteins by cross-linking with functional groups (–NH2, –OH, –COOH, —SH) Antibiotics = Used for testing effective disinfection methods Surface-Active Agents or Surfactants = Degerming Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between catabolism and anabolism?

Catabolism releases energy, while anabolism uses energy. Signup and view all the answers

What determines the metabolic pathways in a cell?

Enzymes Signup and view all the answers

According to the laws of thermodynamics, what does the first law state?

Energy changes state from one form to another. Signup and view all the answers

In a spontaneous (exergonic) reaction, what is the standard free energy change (ΔGo’)?

Negative Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of photosynthesis in microbial metabolism?

Produce glucose using light energy Signup and view all the answers

Which factor determines the change in free energy during a chemical reaction?

Reaction heat (Enthalpy) Signup and view all the answers

What is the sum of the chemical reactions in an organism known as?

Metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction is involved in the energy-releasing processes?

Catabolic reactions Signup and view all the answers

What determines the metabolic pathways in a cell?

Enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Which law of thermodynamics states that energy is neither created nor destroyed, but simply changes state?

First law Signup and view all the answers

What does the second law of thermodynamics state about the order of a system?

It becomes more random Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for the change in free energy during a chemical reaction?

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T \cdot \Delta S$$ Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction is indicated by a negative ΔH?

Exergonic reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of electron carriers like NADH in biological systems?

Supply reducing power in catabolic reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme type is involved in the rearangement of atoms in a molecule?

Isomerase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of coenzyme Q (Ubiquinone) in biological systems?

Release energy from the transfer of electrons Signup and view all the answers

In which type of reaction is ATP generated by the phosphorylation of ADP?

Substrate-level phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of competitive inhibitors in enzyme activity?

Bind to the active site and prevent substrate binding Signup and view all the answers

What effect does feedback inhibition have on metabolic pathways?

Prevents the buildup of excessive product Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an oxidation reaction in biological systems?

Gain of electrons Signup and view all the answers

Which process utilizes energy released from the transfer of electrons to generate ATP?

'Chemiosmosis' Signup and view all the answers

What can denature enzymes?

Temperature, pH and substrate concentration. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction involves the removal of atoms without hydrolysis?

Lyase Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of electron carriers like NADH and NADPH?

Control the release of energy for work. Signup and view all the answers

In which type of reaction are the electrons often associated with hydrogen atoms?

Redox reaction Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences enzyme activity by binding to the active site and competing with the substrate?

Competitive inhibitor Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ATP in the context of metabolism regulation?

ATP supplies reducing power in anabolic reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of oxidoreductase enzymes?

Oxidation-reduction reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction involves the transfer of functional groups?

Transferase Signup and view all the answers

Microbiology Course Code 30203321 Topic 5 Chapter 9 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Match the following actions of microbial control agents with their effects:

Match the following physical methods of microbial control with their descriptions:

Match the following methods of microbial control with their descriptions:

Match the following physical methods of microbial control with their effects:

Match the following chemical disinfectants with their effects:

Match the following types of disinfectants with their descriptions:

Match the following physical methods of microbial control with their equivalent treatments:

Match the following chemical disinfectants with their types:

Match the following physical methods of microbial control with their primary effects:

Match the following chemical disinfectants with their mechanism of action:

Match the following methods of microbial control with their specific applications:

Match the following chemical disinfectants with their use in evaluating a disinfectant:

What is the primary difference between catabolism and anabolism?

What determines the metabolic pathways in a cell?

According to the laws of thermodynamics, what does the first law state?

In a spontaneous (exergonic) reaction, what is the standard free energy change (ΔGo’)?

What is the primary function of photosynthesis in microbial metabolism?

Which factor determines the change in free energy during a chemical reaction?

What is the sum of the chemical reactions in an organism known as?

Which type of reaction is involved in the energy-releasing processes?

What determines the metabolic pathways in a cell?

Which law of thermodynamics states that energy is neither created nor destroyed, but simply changes state?

What does the second law of thermodynamics state about the order of a system?

What is the equation for the change in free energy during a chemical reaction?

Which type of reaction is indicated by a negative ΔH?

What is the function of electron carriers like NADH in biological systems?

Which enzyme type is involved in the rearangement of atoms in a molecule?

What is the primary function of coenzyme Q (Ubiquinone) in biological systems?

In which type of reaction is ATP generated by the phosphorylation of ADP?

What is the role of competitive inhibitors in enzyme activity?

What effect does feedback inhibition have on metabolic pathways?

What characterizes an oxidation reaction in biological systems?

Which process utilizes energy released from the transfer of electrons to generate ATP?

What can denature enzymes?

Which type of reaction involves the removal of atoms without hydrolysis?

What is the function of electron carriers like NADH and NADPH?

In which type of reaction are the electrons often associated with hydrogen atoms?

Which factor influences enzyme activity by binding to the active site and competing with the substrate?

What is the role of ATP in the context of metabolism regulation?

What is the function of oxidoreductase enzymes?

Which type of reaction involves the transfer of functional groups?

Which factor influences enzyme activity by binding to a site other than the active site, changing the shape of the enzyme, and reducing its activity?

In which type of reaction does oxidation involve the removal of electrons?

Which type of reaction involves the joining of molecules and uses ATP?

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