Antibodies
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Questions and Answers

What is the general shape of an antibody protein structure?

  • Y-shaped (correct)
  • Triangular
  • Linear
  • Circular

What type of bonds stabilize the antibody chains?

  • Disulphide bonds (correct)
  • Peptide bonds
  • Hydrogen bonds
  • Ionic bonds

How many variable domains are present in a light chain?

  • Four
  • Two
  • One (correct)
  • Three

What is the main function of the Fc region?

<p>Interaction with cellular Fc receptors and complement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest part of an antibody that maintains antigen binding affinity?

<p>Variable fragment (Fv) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the heavy chains of an antibody consist of?

<p>One variable domain and several constant domains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the antibody specificity to bind antigen?

<p>Complementarity determining regions (CDRs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the five classes of antibodies classified?

<p>Based on the differences in the constant region of the heavy chains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the heavy chain in IgG antibodies?

<p>γ-chains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the subclasses of antibodies further divided?

<p>Based on the differences in the constant region of the heavy chains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of light chains found in antibodies?

<p>κ and λ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used to generate murine monoclonal antibodies?

<p>Hybridoma techniques (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for generating chimeric monoclonal antibodies?

<p>To reduce the immunogenicity of murine antibodies in patients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between chimeric and humanized monoclonal antibodies?

<p>Source of variable region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of phage display technology in antibody production?

<p>Selection of human antibodies from a large library (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of using transgenic mouse strains in antibody production?

<p>They produce human variable domains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of humanized and fully human antibodies over chimeric antibodies?

<p>Reduced immunogenic potential (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of humanized and fully human antibodies that is similar to human endogenous IgGs?

<p>Properties and function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of monoclonal antibodies?

<p>They bind to a unique epitope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of naked antibody molecules in cancer therapy?

<p>They are rarely potent cytotoxic agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal characteristic of an antibody for efficacious therapy?

<p>High affinity to the target antigen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies?

<p>Monoclonal antibodies are produced by the same clone of plasma B cells, and they bind to a unique epitope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of linking antibody molecules to cytotoxic drugs, toxins, or radionuclides?

<p>To enhance their anti-cancer activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of antibodies are expressed in transgenic mice?

<p>Human antibodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor to consider in Ab-based therapy design?

<p>Isotype of the mAb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a chimeric antibody and a humanized antibody?

<p>Source of the variable region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibody is entirely of human origin?

<p>Fully human antibody (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of considering the isotype of the mAb in Ab-based therapy design?

<p>To determine the potential to kill cells via ADCC and/or CDC (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a murine antibody?

<p>Is entirely of murine origin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of grafting a murine CDR region onto a human variable region in humanized antibody production?

<p>To reduce the immunogenicity of the antibody (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) eliminates targeted cells?

<p>By activating immune cells to release cytotoxic compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a humanized antibody and a fully human antibody?

<p>The origin of the variable region in the fully human antibody (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using chimeric antibodies over murine antibodies in Ab-based therapy?

<p>Reduced immunogenicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the constant region in an antibody?

<p>Providing the antibody's effector functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) eliminates targeted cells?

<p>By forming a membrane attack complex to lyse the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a murine antibody that makes it less suitable for human therapy?

<p>High immunogenicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using fully human antibodies over humanized antibodies in Ab-based therapy?

<p>Reduced immunogenicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the variable region in an antibody?

<p>Determining the antibody's antigen-binding specificity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which naked antibody molecules induce cell death in cancer therapy?

<p>By blocking cell growth and proliferation through signaling pathways (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of an antibody that determines its ability to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

<p>Isotype (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers
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