Antibodies
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Questions and Answers

What is the general shape of an antibody protein structure?

  • Y-shaped (correct)
  • Triangular
  • Linear
  • Circular

    • What type of bonds stabilize the antibody chains?

  • Disulphide bonds (correct)
  • Peptide bonds
  • Hydrogen bonds
  • Ionic bonds

    • How many variable domains are present in a light chain?

  • Four
  • Two
  • One (correct)
  • Three

    • What is the main function of the Fc region?

    <p>Interaction with cellular Fc receptors and complement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest part of an antibody that maintains antigen binding affinity?

    <p>Variable fragment (Fv)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the heavy chains of an antibody consist of?

    <p>One variable domain and several constant domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the antibody specificity to bind antigen?

    <p>Complementarity determining regions (CDRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the five classes of antibodies classified?

    <p>Based on the differences in the constant region of the heavy chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the heavy chain in IgG antibodies?

    <p>γ-chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the subclasses of antibodies further divided?

    <p>Based on the differences in the constant region of the heavy chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of light chains found in antibodies?

    <p>κ and λ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is used to generate murine monoclonal antibodies?

    <p>Hybridoma techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for generating chimeric monoclonal antibodies?

    <p>To reduce the immunogenicity of murine antibodies in patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between chimeric and humanized monoclonal antibodies?

    <p>Source of variable region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phage display technology in antibody production?

    <p>Selection of human antibodies from a large library</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of using transgenic mouse strains in antibody production?

    <p>They produce human variable domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of humanized and fully human antibodies over chimeric antibodies?

    <p>Reduced immunogenic potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of humanized and fully human antibodies that is similar to human endogenous IgGs?

    <p>Properties and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of monoclonal antibodies?

    <p>They bind to a unique epitope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of naked antibody molecules in cancer therapy?

    <p>They are rarely potent cytotoxic agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal characteristic of an antibody for efficacious therapy?

    <p>High affinity to the target antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies?

    <p>Monoclonal antibodies are produced by the same clone of plasma B cells, and they bind to a unique epitope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of linking antibody molecules to cytotoxic drugs, toxins, or radionuclides?

    <p>To enhance their anti-cancer activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antibodies are expressed in transgenic mice?

    <p>Human antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor to consider in Ab-based therapy design?

    <p>Isotype of the mAb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a chimeric antibody and a humanized antibody?

    <p>Source of the variable region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibody is entirely of human origin?

    <p>Fully human antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of considering the isotype of the mAb in Ab-based therapy design?

    <p>To determine the potential to kill cells via ADCC and/or CDC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a murine antibody?

    <p>Is entirely of murine origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of grafting a murine CDR region onto a human variable region in humanized antibody production?

    <p>To reduce the immunogenicity of the antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) eliminates targeted cells?

    <p>By activating immune cells to release cytotoxic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a humanized antibody and a fully human antibody?

    <p>The origin of the variable region in the fully human antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using chimeric antibodies over murine antibodies in Ab-based therapy?

    <p>Reduced immunogenicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the constant region in an antibody?

    <p>Providing the antibody's effector functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) eliminates targeted cells?

    <p>By forming a membrane attack complex to lyse the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a murine antibody that makes it less suitable for human therapy?

    <p>High immunogenicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using fully human antibodies over humanized antibodies in Ab-based therapy?

    <p>Reduced immunogenicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the variable region in an antibody?

    <p>Determining the antibody's antigen-binding specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which naked antibody molecules induce cell death in cancer therapy?

    <p>By blocking cell growth and proliferation through signaling pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of an antibody that determines its ability to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

    <p>Isotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

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