40 Questions
What is the general shape of an antibody protein structure?
Y-shaped
What type of bonds stabilize the antibody chains?
Disulphide bonds
How many variable domains are present in a light chain?
One
What is the main function of the Fc region?
Interaction with cellular Fc receptors and complement
What is the smallest part of an antibody that maintains antigen binding affinity?
Variable fragment (Fv)
What do the heavy chains of an antibody consist of?
One variable domain and several constant domains
What determines the antibody specificity to bind antigen?
Complementarity determining regions (CDRs)
How are the five classes of antibodies classified?
Based on the differences in the constant region of the heavy chains
What is the name of the heavy chain in IgG antibodies?
γ-chains
How are the subclasses of antibodies further divided?
Based on the differences in the constant region of the heavy chains
What are the two types of light chains found in antibodies?
κ and λ
What technique is used to generate murine monoclonal antibodies?
Hybridoma techniques
What is the primary reason for generating chimeric monoclonal antibodies?
To reduce the immunogenicity of murine antibodies in patients
What is the key difference between chimeric and humanized monoclonal antibodies?
Source of variable region
What is the primary function of phage display technology in antibody production?
Selection of human antibodies from a large library
What is the significance of using transgenic mouse strains in antibody production?
They produce human variable domains
What is the primary advantage of humanized and fully human antibodies over chimeric antibodies?
Reduced immunogenic potential
What is the characteristic of humanized and fully human antibodies that is similar to human endogenous IgGs?
Properties and function
What is the characteristic of monoclonal antibodies?
They bind to a unique epitope
What is the limitation of naked antibody molecules in cancer therapy?
They are rarely potent cytotoxic agents
What is the optimal characteristic of an antibody for efficacious therapy?
High affinity to the target antigen
What is the difference between monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies?
Monoclonal antibodies are produced by the same clone of plasma B cells, and they bind to a unique epitope
What is the advantage of linking antibody molecules to cytotoxic drugs, toxins, or radionuclides?
To enhance their anti-cancer activity
What type of antibodies are expressed in transgenic mice?
Human antibodies
What is a key factor to consider in Ab-based therapy design?
Isotype of the mAb
What is the main difference between a chimeric antibody and a humanized antibody?
Source of the variable region
Which type of antibody is entirely of human origin?
Fully human antibody
What is the purpose of considering the isotype of the mAb in Ab-based therapy design?
To determine the potential to kill cells via ADCC and/or CDC
What is a characteristic of a murine antibody?
Is entirely of murine origin
What is the purpose of grafting a murine CDR region onto a human variable region in humanized antibody production?
To reduce the immunogenicity of the antibody
What is the primary mechanism by which antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) eliminates targeted cells?
By activating immune cells to release cytotoxic compounds
What is the main difference between a humanized antibody and a fully human antibody?
The origin of the variable region in the fully human antibody
What is the primary advantage of using chimeric antibodies over murine antibodies in Ab-based therapy?
Reduced immunogenicity
What is the primary function of the constant region in an antibody?
Providing the antibody's effector functions
What is the primary mechanism by which complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) eliminates targeted cells?
By forming a membrane attack complex to lyse the cell
What is the primary characteristic of a murine antibody that makes it less suitable for human therapy?
High immunogenicity
What is the primary advantage of using fully human antibodies over humanized antibodies in Ab-based therapy?
Reduced immunogenicity
What is the primary function of the variable region in an antibody?
Determining the antibody's antigen-binding specificity
What is the primary mechanism by which naked antibody molecules induce cell death in cancer therapy?
By blocking cell growth and proliferation through signaling pathways
What is the primary characteristic of an antibody that determines its ability to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)?
Isotype
Test your knowledge of antibody characteristics, including their structure, composition, and classification. This quiz covers the basic features of antibodies, their different classes, and their role in microbiology and immunology.
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