Questions and Answers
After the Gram staining process, a gram-negative bacterium would appear:
Spherical or ball-shaped bacteria are classified as:
Escherichia coli is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium whose shape classifies it as a:
Viruses that specifically infect bacteria are called:
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Viruses do contain conventional genetic material but cannot replicate without a host, thus making them an:
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Infectious agents without a nucleic acid genome, such as the agent that causes mad cow disease, are called:
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Fungal infections in which a normally harmless resident fungus becomes a pathogen is called a(n):
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Malaria is an example of what type of infection?
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Helminths acting as human parasites are either:
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Microorganisms that colonize for hours to weeks but do not become permanent are referred to as:
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Incidences of an infection that are localized in a certain area or population are considered to be:
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Infections that are acquired during a hospital stay or while staying in other health care facilities are referred to as:
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The capacity of an organism to cause disease is referred to as its:
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That period when an infectious disease develops fully and all clinical manifestations appear is called the:
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One of the systemic signs of an infection is pyrexia, which is:
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The mode of action of antimicrobial drugs in which the organisms are not killed but their growth is inhibited is referred to as:
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A dangerous condition in the case of a systemic infection in which pathogens are circulating and reproducing in the blood is referred to as:
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In attempting to control the spread of an infection, it is often necessary to identify the original source by finding the first recorded incidence of the disease, which is called the:
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An infection that spreads worldwide is referred to as a(n):
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Algae are different from bacteria in that:
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A type of diagnostic test that determines effective antibiotic dose for treating a specific infection is called the:
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The period of time between entry of the organism and appearance of clinical signs is called the:
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Study Notes
Bacterial Classification and Characteristics
- Gram-negative bacteria appear red/pink after Gram staining due to their thin peptidoglycan layer.
- Cocci are spherical or ball-shaped bacteria, a key morphological classification.
- Escherichia coli, a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium, is classified as a bacillus.
Viruses and Infection Types
- Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, showcasing the interaction between viruses and their hosts.
- Viruses function as obligate, intercellular parasites, requiring a host for replication due to their lack of cellular machinery.
- Prions, infectious agents causing diseases like mad cow disease, are unique as they lack nucleic acid genomes.
Fungal and Protozoal Infections
- Opportunistic infections occur when normally harmless fungi become pathogenic, often in immunocompromised individuals.
- Malaria serves as an example of a protozoal infection, highlighting the diversity of infectious diseases.
Helminths and Flora Classification
- Helminths, which include roundworms and flatworms, can act as human parasites, demonstrating the impact of multicellular organisms on human health.
- Transient flora are microorganisms that colonize the body temporarily, emphasizing the dynamic nature of microbiota.
Infection Definitions and Types
- Endemic infections refer to diseases localized in specific geographic areas or populations, contrasting with global spread characteristics.
- Nosocomial infections are acquired in healthcare settings, emphasizing the importance of infection control in hospitals.
- Pathogenicity defines an organism's ability to cause disease, while virulence refers to the severity of the disease caused.
Disease Progression and Clinical Signs
- The acute period of a disease is when it reaches full manifestation, indicating the peak of symptoms.
- Pyrexia, or fever, is a systemic sign of infection, representing the body’s response to pathogens.
- Microbiostatic action refers to antimicrobial drugs that inhibit the growth of microorganisms without killing them.
Severe Infection Conditions
- Septicemia is a severe condition where pathogens are present and actively reproducing in the bloodstream, requiring immediate medical attention.
- The index case is vital for tracking the origin of an infection, essential for public health investigations.
Global Infection Spread
- Pandemic infections are diseases that spread worldwide, underscoring the potential for global health threats.
- Algae differ from bacteria functionally by possessing a nucleus, distinguishing them as eukaryotic organisms.
Diagnostic Methods
- The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration method is a diagnostic test to determine the effective antibiotic dose for treating specific infections, vital for appropriate treatment selection.
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Description
Test your knowledge of microbiology with these flashcards focused on Chapter 6. This quiz covers important concepts such as bacterial classification and Gram staining results. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of bacteria types and characteristics.
