28 Questions
Which type of cells have a membrane-bound nucleus?
Eukaryotic cells
What is the primary component of the bacterial cell wall?
Peptidoglycan
In which type of cells does transcription and translation happen separately?
Eukaryotic cells
Which type of cells have circular DNA without membrane-bound organelles?
Prokaryotic cells
Which type of cells lack a true peptidoglycan cell wall?
Archaea
What provides structural support and protection in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria?
Lipoteichoic acid
What is the defining characteristic of a bacterial cell?
Cell membrane
What structure in bacterial cells is NOT membrane-bound?
Nucleoid
What type of cells have circular DNA without membrane-bound organelles?
Prokaryotic cells
Which organelles in eukaryotic cells resemble bacteria in shape and size, and have bacterial-like genomes?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
What is the function of the bacterial cell membrane?
Selective transport of substances
What types of molecules can easily cross the lipid bilayer in cell membranes?
Small non-polar molecules
What feature distinguishes mycobacteria from other bacteria?
Presence of a true peptidoglycan cell wall
Which of the following best describes the structural support and protection in the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria?
Lipopolysaccharides and porins
What distinguishes the transport of nutrients in bacterial cells from that of eukaryotic cells?
Absence of membrane-bound organelles in bacterial cells
What specialized structure in bacteria is responsible for attachment to surfaces?
Fimbriae
What is a key characteristic of eukaryotic ribosomes as compared to those in bacteria?
Smaller size
In which type of cells do transcription and translation occur simultaneously due to the lack of a nuclear membrane?
Bacterial cells
What is the defining characteristic of a bacterial cell?
Envelope
Which type of molecules can easily cross the lipid bilayer in cell membranes?
Small nonpolar molecules
In bacterial cell morphology, what defines the coccobacilli shape?
Spheres
What provides structural support for external structures like flagella and pili in bacterial cells?
Membrane proteins
What are the endosymbiotic organelles in eukaryotic cells that resemble bacteria in shape and size?
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
In bacterial cell structure, what structure is NOT membrane-bound?
Nucleoid
What evidence supports the Endosymbiotic Theory for the origin of eukaryotic cells?
All of the above
Which type of transport in cell membranes moves nutrients with the concentration gradient?
Passive transport
What is the function of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria?
Protection from osmotic lysis
In bacterial cell morphology, what defines the Vibrio shape?
Shorter rigid external flagella
Study Notes
Cell Structure and Characteristics
- Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
- Bacterial cells have a peptidoglycan (also known as murein) cell wall.
- In eukaryotic cells, transcription and translation occur separately.
- Bacterial cells have circular DNA without membrane-bound organelles.
- Mycoplasma cells lack a true peptidoglycan cell wall.
- Teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid provide structural support and protection in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria.
Bacterial Cell Characteristics
- The defining characteristic of a bacterial cell is the presence of a peptidoglycan cell wall.
- The cell wall is NOT membrane-bound in bacterial cells.
- Bacterial cells have circular DNA without membrane-bound organelles.
- The bacterial cell membrane is responsible for regulating the movement of molecules in and out of the cell.
- Small, uncharged, and non-polar molecules can easily cross the lipid bilayer in cell membranes.
Eukaryotic Cell Characteristics
- Eukaryotic cells have mitochondria and chloroplasts as endosymbiotic organelles that resemble bacteria in shape and size, and have bacterial-like genomes.
- Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger and more complex compared to those in bacteria.
Bacterial Cell Morphology
- The distinctive shape of coccobacilli is defined by their oval or rod-like shape with rounded ends.
- The distinctive shape of Vibrio is defined by their curved or comma-shaped rod.
- Flagella and pili are external structures that are supported by the peptidoglycan cell wall.
Cell Membranes
- The outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria is responsible for protecting the cell from the environment and regulating the movement of molecules.
- Passive transport, also known as diffusion, moves nutrients with the concentration gradient in cell membranes.
Endosymbiotic Theory
- The presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells, which resemble bacteria in shape and size, and have bacterial-like genomes, supports the Endosymbiotic Theory for the origin of eukaryotic cells.
Test your knowledge on the cell biology of bacteria with this quiz based on the textbook figures from 'Microbiology: The Human Experience 2nd Edition'. The quiz covers topics such as prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells, endosymbiosis, bacterial cell morphology and arrangement, cellular structure and functions.
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