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Questions and Answers
Which type of cells have a membrane-bound nucleus?
Which type of cells have a membrane-bound nucleus?
What is the primary component of the bacterial cell wall?
What is the primary component of the bacterial cell wall?
In which type of cells does transcription and translation happen separately?
In which type of cells does transcription and translation happen separately?
Which type of cells have circular DNA without membrane-bound organelles?
Which type of cells have circular DNA without membrane-bound organelles?
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Which type of cells lack a true peptidoglycan cell wall?
Which type of cells lack a true peptidoglycan cell wall?
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What provides structural support and protection in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria?
What provides structural support and protection in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria?
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What is the defining characteristic of a bacterial cell?
What is the defining characteristic of a bacterial cell?
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What structure in bacterial cells is NOT membrane-bound?
What structure in bacterial cells is NOT membrane-bound?
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What type of cells have circular DNA without membrane-bound organelles?
What type of cells have circular DNA without membrane-bound organelles?
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Which organelles in eukaryotic cells resemble bacteria in shape and size, and have bacterial-like genomes?
Which organelles in eukaryotic cells resemble bacteria in shape and size, and have bacterial-like genomes?
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What is the function of the bacterial cell membrane?
What is the function of the bacterial cell membrane?
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What types of molecules can easily cross the lipid bilayer in cell membranes?
What types of molecules can easily cross the lipid bilayer in cell membranes?
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What feature distinguishes mycobacteria from other bacteria?
What feature distinguishes mycobacteria from other bacteria?
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Which of the following best describes the structural support and protection in the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria?
Which of the following best describes the structural support and protection in the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria?
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What distinguishes the transport of nutrients in bacterial cells from that of eukaryotic cells?
What distinguishes the transport of nutrients in bacterial cells from that of eukaryotic cells?
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What specialized structure in bacteria is responsible for attachment to surfaces?
What specialized structure in bacteria is responsible for attachment to surfaces?
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What is a key characteristic of eukaryotic ribosomes as compared to those in bacteria?
What is a key characteristic of eukaryotic ribosomes as compared to those in bacteria?
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In which type of cells do transcription and translation occur simultaneously due to the lack of a nuclear membrane?
In which type of cells do transcription and translation occur simultaneously due to the lack of a nuclear membrane?
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What is the defining characteristic of a bacterial cell?
What is the defining characteristic of a bacterial cell?
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Which type of molecules can easily cross the lipid bilayer in cell membranes?
Which type of molecules can easily cross the lipid bilayer in cell membranes?
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In bacterial cell morphology, what defines the coccobacilli shape?
In bacterial cell morphology, what defines the coccobacilli shape?
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What provides structural support for external structures like flagella and pili in bacterial cells?
What provides structural support for external structures like flagella and pili in bacterial cells?
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What are the endosymbiotic organelles in eukaryotic cells that resemble bacteria in shape and size?
What are the endosymbiotic organelles in eukaryotic cells that resemble bacteria in shape and size?
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In bacterial cell structure, what structure is NOT membrane-bound?
In bacterial cell structure, what structure is NOT membrane-bound?
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What evidence supports the Endosymbiotic Theory for the origin of eukaryotic cells?
What evidence supports the Endosymbiotic Theory for the origin of eukaryotic cells?
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Which type of transport in cell membranes moves nutrients with the concentration gradient?
Which type of transport in cell membranes moves nutrients with the concentration gradient?
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What is the function of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria?
What is the function of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria?
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In bacterial cell morphology, what defines the Vibrio shape?
In bacterial cell morphology, what defines the Vibrio shape?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure and Characteristics
- Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
- Bacterial cells have a peptidoglycan (also known as murein) cell wall.
- In eukaryotic cells, transcription and translation occur separately.
- Bacterial cells have circular DNA without membrane-bound organelles.
- Mycoplasma cells lack a true peptidoglycan cell wall.
- Teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid provide structural support and protection in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria.
Bacterial Cell Characteristics
- The defining characteristic of a bacterial cell is the presence of a peptidoglycan cell wall.
- The cell wall is NOT membrane-bound in bacterial cells.
- Bacterial cells have circular DNA without membrane-bound organelles.
- The bacterial cell membrane is responsible for regulating the movement of molecules in and out of the cell.
- Small, uncharged, and non-polar molecules can easily cross the lipid bilayer in cell membranes.
Eukaryotic Cell Characteristics
- Eukaryotic cells have mitochondria and chloroplasts as endosymbiotic organelles that resemble bacteria in shape and size, and have bacterial-like genomes.
- Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger and more complex compared to those in bacteria.
Bacterial Cell Morphology
- The distinctive shape of coccobacilli is defined by their oval or rod-like shape with rounded ends.
- The distinctive shape of Vibrio is defined by their curved or comma-shaped rod.
- Flagella and pili are external structures that are supported by the peptidoglycan cell wall.
Cell Membranes
- The outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria is responsible for protecting the cell from the environment and regulating the movement of molecules.
- Passive transport, also known as diffusion, moves nutrients with the concentration gradient in cell membranes.
Endosymbiotic Theory
- The presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells, which resemble bacteria in shape and size, and have bacterial-like genomes, supports the Endosymbiotic Theory for the origin of eukaryotic cells.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the cell biology of bacteria with this quiz based on the textbook figures from 'Microbiology: The Human Experience 2nd Edition'. The quiz covers topics such as prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells, endosymbiosis, bacterial cell morphology and arrangement, cellular structure and functions.
