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Questions and Answers
What are the six basic shapes of prokaryotic cells?
What are the six basic shapes of prokaryotic cells?
Coccus, Bacillus, Vibrios, Coccobacillus, Spirilla spiral, Spirochetes spiral
What shape describes a coccus?
What shape describes a coccus?
Roughly spherical
What shape describes a bacillus?
What shape describes a bacillus?
Rod-shaped
What shape does vibrios describe?
What shape does vibrios describe?
What does coccobacillus refer to?
What does coccobacillus refer to?
What are spirilla spiral?
What are spirilla spiral?
What are spirochetes spiral?
What are spirochetes spiral?
What are the three common types of reproduction in prokaryotes?
What are the three common types of reproduction in prokaryotes?
What does pleomorphic prokaryotes mean?
What does pleomorphic prokaryotes mean?
What are endospores?
What are endospores?
What is binary fission?
What is binary fission?
What is snapping division?
What is snapping division?
What are spores in relation to prokaryotes?
What are spores in relation to prokaryotes?
What is budding in prokaryotes?
What is budding in prokaryotes?
What does viviparity mean in microbiology?
What does viviparity mean in microbiology?
What are bacterial arrangements?
What are bacterial arrangements?
What are the five arrangements of prokaryotes?
What are the five arrangements of prokaryotes?
What is diplococci?
What is diplococci?
What are streptococci?
What are streptococci?
What are tetrads?
What are tetrads?
What are sarcinae?
What are sarcinae?
What are staphylococci?
What are staphylococci?
What is the general purpose of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology?
What is the general purpose of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology?
What are extremophiles?
What are extremophiles?
What are thermophiles?
What are thermophiles?
What are hyperthermophiles?
What are hyperthermophiles?
What are halophiles?
What are halophiles?
What are methanogens?
What are methanogens?
What are four significant roles played by methanogens in the environment?
What are four significant roles played by methanogens in the environment?
Why are deeply branching bacteria named so?
Why are deeply branching bacteria named so?
Where can you find deeply branching bacteria?
Where can you find deeply branching bacteria?
What are cyanobacteria?
What are cyanobacteria?
What is nitrogen fixation?
What is nitrogen fixation?
What are heterocysts?
What are heterocysts?
What are clostridia?
What are clostridia?
What is mycoplasmas?
What is mycoplasmas?
What diseases does clostridium cause?
What diseases does clostridium cause?
Study Notes
Basic Shapes of Prokaryotic Cells
- Shapes include coccus (spherical), bacillus (rod-shaped), vibrios (slightly rod-shaped), coccobacillus (intermediate shape), spirilla (stiff spiral), and spirochetes (flexible spiral).
Prokaryotic Reproduction
- Common methods: binary fission (parent cell disappears), snapping division (outer wall tears apart), and budding (outgrowth forms a new cell).
Cell and Spore Characteristics
- Endospores are stable resting stages with minimal metabolism.
- Pleomorphic prokaryotes exhibit varying shapes and sizes.
- Spores can develop into clones of the original organism.
Bacterial Arrangements
- Arrangements depend on fission plane and daughter cell attachment.
- Types: diplococci (pairs), streptococci (chains), tetrads (squares), sarcinae (cuboidal packets), and staphylococci (clusters).
Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
- Classifies prokaryotes into two phyla in Archaea and 24 phyla in Bacteria.
Extremophiles
- Microbes requiring extreme conditions for survival, such as high or low temperatures and salinity.
Thermophiles and Hyperthermophiles
- Thermophiles thrive above 45°C and can tolerate low pH.
- Hyperthermophiles live at temperatures above 80°C.
Halophiles and Methanogens
- Halophiles need high salt concentrations for cell wall integrity.
- Methanogens convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas into methane, playing significant roles in organic waste conversion, methane production, and industrial applications.
Deeply Branching Bacteria
- Named for growth characteristics and rRNA sequence, indicating similarity to early bacteria; thrive in extreme environments.
Cyanobacteria
- Diverse photoautotrophs with varying sizes and reproduction modes; capable of nitrogen fixation through heterocysts.
Clostridia and Mycoplasmas
- Clostridia are rod-shaped, anaerobic, and can form endospores; responsible for diseases like gangrene and botulism.
- Mycoplasmas are the smallest free-living cells, lack cell walls, and inhabit animal mucous membranes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the basic shapes of prokaryotic cells with these flashcards. This quiz covers terms such as cocci, bacilli, and vibrios, helping you reinforce your understanding of microbiological concepts. Perfect for students studying microbiology, these cards provide an engaging way to learn key definitions.
