Microbiology Chapter 1: A Brief History
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Questions and Answers

Who is credited with beginning the use of simple microscopes to examine microorganisms?

  • Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (correct)
  • Carolus Linnaeus
  • Mindy Miller-Kittrell
  • Louis Pasteur
  • What did Antoni van Leeuwenhoek visualize using his simple microscopes?

  • Small multicellular animals
  • Tiny animals, fungi, algae, and single-celled protozoa (correct)
  • Fungi and Algae
  • Bacteria and Archaea
  • At the end of the 19th century, what were the microorganisms visualized by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek called?

  • Animalcules (correct)
  • Microorganisms
  • Plantcules
  • Insects
  • Who developed a taxonomic system for naming plants and animals, and grouping similar organisms together?

    <p>Carolus Linnaeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of nucleic acids shown in Figure 1.1?

    <p>DNA double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many categories did Carolus Linnaeus group Leeuwenhoek's microorganisms into?

    <p>Six</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes bacteria and archaea from eukaryotes?

    <p>They are unicellular and lack nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes protozoa from other microorganisms?

    <p>Capable of locomotion by pseudopods, cilia, and flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of algae?

    <p>Photosynthetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of fungal yeasts?

    <p>Unicellular; reproduce asexually by budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about parasites?

    <p>They live in animal hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing characteristic of viruses?

    <p>Not considered living organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did scientists of the Golden Age of Microbiology search for answers to?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antoni van Leeuwenhoek began making and using simple ______

    <p>microscopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carolus Linnaeus developed a taxonomic system for naming plants and animals and grouping similar organisms together, and Leeuwenhoek's microorganisms were grouped into six ______

    <p>categories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By the end of the 19th century, the microorganisms visualized by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek were called ______

    <p>microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leeuwenhoek's microscopes often made a new microscope for each ______

    <p>specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leeuwenhoek examined water and visualized tiny animals, fungi, algae, and single-celled ______; "animalcules"

    <p>protozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The structure of ______ acids

    <p>nucleic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria and Archaea are ______ and lack nuclei

    <p>unicellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Archaeal cell walls composed of polymers other than ______

    <p>peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacterial cell walls contain ______; some lack cell walls

    <p>peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Much smaller than ______

    <p>eukaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fungi are ______ (have membrane-bound nucleus)

    <p>eukaryotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Molds – ______; grow as long filaments; reproduce by sexual and asexual spores

    <p>multicellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Yeasts – ______; reproduce asexually by budding; some produce sexual spores

    <p>unicellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Protozoa are single-celled ______

    <p>eukaryotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most are capable of locomotion by ______ – cell extensions that flow in direction of travel

    <p>pseudopods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Algae are unicellular or ______

    <p>multicellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Beginning of Microbiology

    • Antoni van Leeuwenhoek is credited with beginning the use of simple microscopes to examine microorganisms.
    • He visualized tiny animals, fungi, algae, and single-celled organisms (animalcules) in water using his simple microscopes.
    • Carolus Linnaeus developed a taxonomic system for naming plants and animals and grouping similar organisms together.
    • Leeuwenhoek's microorganisms were grouped into six categories by Linnaeus.
    • By the end of the 19th century, the microorganisms visualized by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek were called microorganisms.
    • Leeuwenhoek's microscopes were often made specifically for each specimen he examined.

    Microbial Structure & Function

    • The structure of nucleic acids is shown in Figure 1.1.
    • Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes and lack nuclei.
    • Archaeal cell walls are composed of polymers other than peptidoglycan.
    • Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan; some lack cell walls.
    • Viruses are much smaller than prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
    • Fungi are eukaryotes (have a membrane-bound nucleus).
    • Molds grow as long filaments and reproduce by sexual and asexual spores.
    • Yeasts reproduce asexually by budding; some produce sexual spores.
    • Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes.
    • Most protozoa are capable of locomotion by pseudopods - cell extensions that flow in the direction of travel.
    • Algae are unicellular or multicellular.

    Parasites and Their Characteristics

    • Parasites live at the expense of another organism (host).

    The Golden Age of Microbiology

    • Scientists of the Golden Age of Microbiology searched for answers to:
      • What causes fermentation and disease?
      • How can we prevent and treat disease?

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of Chapter 1: A Brief History of Microbiology with this quiz. Explore the early years of microbiology, including the work of Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and the visualization of tiny organisms. This quiz is based on PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell from North Carolina State University.

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