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Questions and Answers
What is a defining characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following terms is used to identify the genus in binomial nomenclature?
Which of the following is NOT a disease caused by bacteria?
What do fungi and protozoa have in common?
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What is the major component of the cell wall in fungi?
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Which method is commonly used to classify protozoa based on their movement?
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Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a usual example of bacteria?
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Study Notes
Definitions
- Microbiology: The study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
- Microorganism: Tiny life forms, including bacteria, that can only be seen under a microscope.
- Pathogen: A microorganism that can cause disease.
- Infectious disease: An illness caused by pathogens.
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
- Both groups store hereditary information in DNA
- Prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome.
- Eukaryotes possess multiple linear chromosomes.
- Cell membranes composed of proteins and lipids are present in both types.
- Ribosomes participate in protein synthesis:
- Smaller ribosomes in prokaryotes.
- Prokaryotic ribosomes are free in the cytosol.
Bacterial Overview
- Bacteria represent the smallest living cells, ranging from 0.1 to 10 µm.
- "Bacteria" is the plural of the Latin word "bacterium."
Naming of Bacteria
- Binomial nomenclature is a formal naming system comprising two Latinized parts:
- The first part denotes the genus.
- The second part specifies the species within that genus.
- Example: Staphylococcus aureus:
- Genus: Staphylococcus
- Species: aureus
- Abbreviated as S. aureus, with related terms including Staphylococci (group name) and Staphylococcus sp. (unspecified species).
Diseases Caused by Bacteria
- Diphtheria: Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
- Whooping cough: Caused by Bordetella pertussis.
- Tetanus: Caused by Clostridium tetani.
- Notable unusual bacteria include Rickettsiae, Chlamydiae, Mycoplasma, and Cyanobacteria.
Protozoa
- Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic organisms lacking a cell wall.
- Typically inhabit the digestive tracts of animals and feed on cellulose-rich materials.
- Movement methods include:
- One or more flagella
- Cilia
- Pseudopodia (cytoplasmic extensions).
- Most protozoa are harmless, but some species cause diseases such as malaria, sleeping sickness, giardiasis, and amoebic dysentery.
Fungi
- Fungi are eukaryotic organisms characterized by a cell wall containing chitin.
- Types of fungi include:
- Yeasts, e.g., Candida species, associated with oral thrush.
- Molds, e.g., Aspergillus species.
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Description
Test your knowledge on fundamental microbiology concepts including definitions of microorganisms, the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and bacterial overview. This quiz covers essential terms and classifications in the field. Perfect for introductory microbiology courses!
