Microbiology: Bacterial Cell Wall Components
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of Lipoteichoic Acid in the attachment process?

  • Cleaves hyaluronic acid
  • Blocks the actions of antibodies
  • Attaches to blood clots and traumatized tissues (correct)
  • Binds to prothrombins
  • Which enzyme is responsible for converting fibrinogen to fibrin in the context provided?

  • Proteases
  • Lipase
  • Coagulase (correct)
  • Hyaluronidase
  • How do Exoenzymes Lipase and FAME negatively affect the immune system?

  • By digesting hyaluronic acid
  • By inhibiting the actions of antibodies
  • By acting on fatty acids and lipids as surfactants (correct)
  • By enhancing invasiveness
  • What is the primary function of Proteases in the context provided?

    <p>Block the actions of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can V8 protease degrade, leading to bacterial spread after adhesion?

    <p>Fibrinogen-binding protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Enterotoxins contribute to illness when ingested?

    <p>Lead to diarrhea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which enterotoxins can cause Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)?

    <p>By acting as superantigens and stimulating T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which toxin is responsible for causing a spectrum of diseases from bullous impetigo to the scalded skin syndrome in humans?

    <p>Exfoliative Toxin (ETA, ETB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which toxin is known for causing mastitis in ruminants via infection through the teat?

    <p>Beta (β) Toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Delta (δ) Toxin?

    <p>Unknown use, being a very small peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which toxin triggers septic shock by inflammatory mediator release?

    <p>Alpha (α) Toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of Exfoliative toxin of S.aureus regarding its effect on different species?

    <p>Affects humans and mice but not pigs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Lancefield Group is associated with neonatal sepsis and meningitis?

    <p>Group B (S.agalactiae)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant hemolysis pattern observed in Gamma (γ) hemolysis?

    <p>No hemolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the C-substance antigen extracted in the conventional method for Lancefield Groupings?

    <p>Autoclaving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent causes Scarlet fever and toxic-shock-like syndrome in humans?

    <p>Group A (S.pyogenes)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What media is commonly used for the isolation of Lancefield Groups?

    <p>Blood agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of test is conducted using kits commercially available to identify different Lancefield Groups?

    <p>Latex Agglutination Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the motility of Listeria spp.?

    <p>Motile by peritrichous flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agar does Listeria spp. not grow on?

    <p>MacConkey agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hemolytic status of Listeria grayi?

    <p>Non-hemolytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species of Listeria is considered non-pathogenic?

    <p>L. innocua</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the natural habitat of Listeria spp.?

    <p>Soil and decaying vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What food types are associated with listeriosis in humans?

    <p>Soft cheeses and poultry meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing characteristic of C.bovis?

    <p>Small, white, dry, non-hemolytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the colonies of C.kutscheri typically appear?

    <p>Small, whitish, resembling C.pseudotuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of C.pseudotuberculosis colonies after prolonged incubation?

    <p>Small, dry, cream in color with a narrow zone of hemolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the colonies of C.renale evolve over time?

    <p>Non-hemolytic and very small initially, becoming opaque and dull yellow as they age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing characteristic of C.pilosum compared to C.renale?

    <p>Dry and cream to yellow in color with time</p> Signup and view all the answers

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