Microbiology: Bacterial Adhesion and Evasion

Biofilm facilitates E. coli's attachment to the intestinal surface, leading to rearrangement of actin, creation of pedestals, and subsequently, diarrhea due to impaired nutrient and water absorption.

Microbes attach to the body surface through specific interactions between proteins and oligosaccharides on their surface and the host cell's surface, including lipid bilayer and decorated proteins.

Selectins, like P-selectin, bind to sugars on proteins (e.g., iCAMs/LFAs) on the host cell surface, facilitating microbial attachment.

<p>Bacteria target host proteins that are frequently present and difficult to change, as they have evolved to do so.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oligosaccharides on microbial surface proteins facilitate attachment to the host cell surface by binding to selectins and other host receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virulence factors, such as the one knocked out in the E. coli experiment, contribute to microbial disease-causing mechanisms, including attachment, colonization, and infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To attach to the host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By inducing endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To convert dietary sugar into acid, increasing the chance of cavity formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By covering themselves with sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through rapid generation time and hypermutable regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is an essential virulence factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adhesins or ligands bind to cell surface proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ID 50</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through immunoevasion mechanisms, such as antigenic variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To break down host tissue and create a portal of entry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LD 50</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exotoxins can kill host cells, allowing the bacterium to use the host's resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bind to the cell surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ADP ribosylation of EF-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bypassing the specificity of T cell receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They bypass the specificity of T cell receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune system overstimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LPS is released into the bloodstream, triggering an inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Septicemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It forms a complex with LPS and interacts with macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To detect the presence of LPS in the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Septic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They carry toxin genes and antibiotic resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are secreted by bacteria and have specific targets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemolysin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It blocks the action of exotoxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have two subunits, one active and one binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are a type of exotoxin that causes the immune system to overreact</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They create a channel in the membrane, allowing unregulated flow of ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It targets any cell in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They produce protein A, which binds to the Fc part of any antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They dissolve blood clots, allowing the bacteria to spread</p> Signup and view all the answers