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Questions and Answers
What is the role of biofilm in E. coli's virulence factor and what is the consequence of this on the intestinal surface?
What is the role of biofilm in E. coli's virulence factor and what is the consequence of this on the intestinal surface?
Biofilm facilitates E. coli's attachment to the intestinal surface, leading to rearrangement of actin, creation of pedestals, and subsequently, diarrhea due to impaired nutrient and water absorption.
How do microbes, such as E. coli, attach to the body surface?
How do microbes, such as E. coli, attach to the body surface?
Microbes attach to the body surface through specific interactions between proteins and oligosaccharides on their surface and the host cell's surface, including lipid bilayer and decorated proteins.
What is the role of selectins, such as P-selectin, in microbial attachment?
What is the role of selectins, such as P-selectin, in microbial attachment?
Selectins, like P-selectin, bind to sugars on proteins (e.g., iCAMs/LFAs) on the host cell surface, facilitating microbial attachment.
How do bacteria, such as E. coli, target host proteins for attachment?
How do bacteria, such as E. coli, target host proteins for attachment?
What is the significance of oligosaccharides on microbial surface proteins?
What is the significance of oligosaccharides on microbial surface proteins?
What is the role of virulence factors, such as the one knocked out in the E. coli experiment, in microbial pathogenesis?
What is the role of virulence factors, such as the one knocked out in the E. coli experiment, in microbial pathogenesis?
What is the role of adhesins on fimbriae in Gonorrhoeae?
What is the role of adhesins on fimbriae in Gonorrhoeae?
How does Shigella infect host cells?
How does Shigella infect host cells?
What is the role of Streptococcus mutans in oral biofilm formation?
What is the role of Streptococcus mutans in oral biofilm formation?
What is one way that bacteria can evade the host's immune system?
What is one way that bacteria can evade the host's immune system?
How do bacteria such as E. coli achieve antigenic variation?
How do bacteria such as E. coli achieve antigenic variation?
What is the role of the capsule in S. pneumoniae?
What is the role of the capsule in S. pneumoniae?
What is the primary mechanism by which pathogens bind to host cells?
What is the primary mechanism by which pathogens bind to host cells?
What is the term for the infectious dose that causes symptoms in 50% of infected individuals?
What is the term for the infectious dose that causes symptoms in 50% of infected individuals?
How do bacteria evade the host's immune system?
How do bacteria evade the host's immune system?
What is the purpose of bacterial proteases?
What is the purpose of bacterial proteases?
What is the term for the toxicity of a pathogen that causes death in 50% of infected individuals?
What is the term for the toxicity of a pathogen that causes death in 50% of infected individuals?
What is the role of exotoxins in bacterial pathogenesis?
What is the role of exotoxins in bacterial pathogenesis?
What is the function of the B subunit in A-B subunit toxins?
What is the function of the B subunit in A-B subunit toxins?
What is the target of the Diphtheria toxin in the cell?
What is the target of the Diphtheria toxin in the cell?
What is the mechanism of superantigen toxin action?
What is the mechanism of superantigen toxin action?
What is the effect of the Diphtheria toxin on protein synthesis?
What is the effect of the Diphtheria toxin on protein synthesis?
What is the characteristic of superantigen toxins that distinguishes them from A-B subunit toxins?
What is the characteristic of superantigen toxins that distinguishes them from A-B subunit toxins?
What is the result of T cell overstimulation by superantigen toxins?
What is the result of T cell overstimulation by superantigen toxins?
What happens when G- bacteria are killed by the immune system?
What happens when G- bacteria are killed by the immune system?
What is the term for the presence of G- negative toxin in the bloodstream?
What is the term for the presence of G- negative toxin in the bloodstream?
What is the role of LPS binding protein in the inflammatory response?
What is the role of LPS binding protein in the inflammatory response?
What is the purpose of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay (LAL assay)?
What is the purpose of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay (LAL assay)?
What is the term for the severe inflammatory response triggered by LPS in the bloodstream?
What is the term for the severe inflammatory response triggered by LPS in the bloodstream?
What is the role of mobile gene elements, such as plasmids and transposons, in bacterial pathogenesis?
What is the role of mobile gene elements, such as plasmids and transposons, in bacterial pathogenesis?
What is the characteristic of exotoxins?
What is the characteristic of exotoxins?
Which of the following is an example of an exotoxin?
Which of the following is an example of an exotoxin?
What is the role of Antitoxin in relation to exotoxins?
What is the role of Antitoxin in relation to exotoxins?
Which bacteria produce a lot of exotoxins?
Which bacteria produce a lot of exotoxins?
What is the characteristic of AB subunit toxins?
What is the characteristic of AB subunit toxins?
What is the role of superantigens in relation to exotoxins?
What is the role of superantigens in relation to exotoxins?
What is the mechanism of action of membrane disrupting toxins?
What is the mechanism of action of membrane disrupting toxins?
What is the characteristic of cytolysin?
What is the characteristic of cytolysin?
How do bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, protect themselves from the immune system?
How do bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, protect themselves from the immune system?
What is the role of kinases in relation to Staphylococcus aureus?
What is the role of kinases in relation to Staphylococcus aureus?
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