Microbiology and Parasitology MCC-4
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Questions and Answers

What type of chromosomes do prokaryotes have?

  • Multiple linear chromosomes
  • One linear chromosome
  • One circular chromosome (correct)
  • None of the above

    • Prokaryotes have membrane-bound organelles.

    False

    What is the primary structure found in the cell walls of prokaryotes?

    Peptidoglycan

    Prokaryotes divide by __________.

    <p>binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following structures with their primary function in prokaryotes:

    <p>Flagella = Motility Fimbriae = Attachment Pili = DNA transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which appendage is used exclusively for motility in prokaryotes?

    <p>Flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All prokaryotes are motile.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of microbiology?

    <p>The study of microscopic organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is commonly found in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells contains membrane-bound organelles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

    <p>Selective permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ area in prokaryotic cells contains the single circular chromosome.

    <p>nuclear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the fluid mosaic model?

    <p>The membrane is viscous and allows protein movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Simple diffusion involves the movement of a solute from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are plasmids?

    <p>Small, circular pieces of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Phospholipid bilayer = Two-layered arrangement forming the cell membrane Ribosomes = Sites of protein synthesis Nucleoids = Contain the single circular chromosome Cell membrane = Selective barrier for materials entering and exiting the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pili in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>DNA transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flagella in prokaryotes exhibit a whip-like motion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the glycocalyx in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Attachment and protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thin, hair-like appendages on the surface of prokaryotic cells are called ______.

    <p>fimbriae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Pili = Used for DNA transfer between cells Flagella = Long appendages for movement Glycocalyx = Sticky layer surrounding the cell Capsule = Thick and gummy sugar coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about prokaryotic motility?

    <p>They can glide and float.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The proteins in flagella are known as H antigens.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pili are also known as ______.

    <p>sex pili</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Presence of membrane-bound organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eukaryotic flagella have a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with creating a safer method of protection against smallpox?

    <p>Edward Jenner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell wall is present in plant cells?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In eukaryotic cells, the ____ is responsible for cellular respiration.

    <p>mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lady Mary Wortley Montague introduced variolation in England in 1721.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of flagella is used by sperm cells for movement?

    <p>Eukaryotic flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance did Ignaz Semmelweise recommend for handwashing to prevent childbirth fever?

    <p>Chloride of lime or calcium hypochlorite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Animal cells have a cell wall similar to that of plant cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ hypothesized that cowpox was related to smallpox.

    <p>Edward Jenner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a product associated with microbiological research?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of flagella with their respective groups:

    <p>Bacterial flagella = Prokaryotic cells Archaeal flagella = Archaea Eukaryotic flagella = Eukaryotic cells Cilia = Shorter hair-like structures for movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the cell wall serve in plant cells?

    <p>Provides shape and protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following individuals with their contributions:

    <p>Ignaz Semmelweise = Asepsis in obstetrical wards Louis Pasteur = Yeast fermentation process Edward Jenner = Smallpox vaccination Lady Mary Wortley Montague = Variolation introduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Titus Lucrecius Carus wrote 'De Rerum Natural' discussing invisible atoms causing disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use of vaccines derived from microbiological research?

    <p>Preventing infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Microbiology and Parasitology

    • Focus on understanding microorganisms and parasites, including their physiology and pathogenic properties.
    • Study includes bacteria, fungi, viruses, and their infectious impacts, host responses, transmission, prevention, and nursing responsibilities.
    • Laboratory experiences involve specimen collection, handling, processing, isolation, and identification of infectious agents.

    Prokaryotes

    • Prokaryotic DNA is circular and not confined within a nucleus; eukaryotes possess linear chromosomes inside a membrane-bound nucleus.
    • Prokaryotes divide primarily through binary fission.
    • Their cell walls typically contain peptidoglycan, a unique structural component.
    • Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles.

    Structures External to Cell Wall

    • Prokaryotes feature three appendages:
      • Flagella for motility (propeller-like movement).
      • Fimbriae for attachment to surfaces.
      • Pili for DNA transfer (also known as sex pili).
    • The glycocalyx can exist as:
      • A capsule, a thick, gummy sugar coat providing protection.
      • A fuzzy, sticky layer aiding in attachment to surfaces.

    Cell Membrane and Internal Structures

    • Prokaryotic cell membranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer allowing selective permeability for nutrient and waste exchange.
    • Cytoplasm, comprising 80% water, hosts the nuclear area (nucleoids) without membrane-bound organelles and contains ribosomes and inclusions.
    • The nuclear area contains a single circular chromosome and may hold plasmids that carry antibiotic resistance genes.

    Movement Across Membranes

    • Simple diffusion moves solutes from high to low concentration.
    • Eukaryotic cells differ by possessing a membrane-bound nucleus and various organelles.

    Eukaryotic Cell Wall

    • Present in plant cells, providing shape and protection against pathogens; absent in animal cells.
    • Composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, and proteins.

    History and Evolution of Microbiology

    • The field is characterized by contributions from numerous scientists across history, building upon previous discoveries to advance knowledge.
    • Ignaz Semmelweis introduced handwashing to reduce childbirth fever transmission.
    • Lady Mary Wortley Montague advocated variolation, an early form of vaccination, against smallpox in England.
    • Edward Jenner developed a safer smallpox vaccination based on cowpox exposure.

    Diseases Caused by Microbes

    • Early insights into disease causation involved the recognition of invisible agents contributing to illness, culminating in modern microbiology practices.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on key concepts in microbiology and parasitology, specifically the structures of prokaryotes and their cell walls. Ideal for students aiming to consolidate their understanding in these subjects. Test your knowledge and comprehension of microbial life forms and their classifications.

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