Microbiology and Industrial Biotechnology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of microscope offers the highest resolution for observing microorganisms?

  • Light microscope
  • Electronic microscope (correct)
  • Dissection microscope
  • Confocal microscope

What primarily distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotes?

  • Ability to photosynthesize
  • Presence of a nucleus (correct)
  • Type of reproduction
  • Size of the cell

Which of the following processes primarily utilizes yeast for production?

  • Biofuel production (correct)
  • Metal extraction
  • Antibiotic manufacturing
  • Textile processing

What is a significant advantage of using microorganisms in industrial processes?

<p>They can reproduce quickly in controlled environments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fermentation is used when making bread?

<p>Anaerobic fermentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of amylase enzymes in bread making?

<p>To break down starch into sugars (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a traditional method of biotechnology?

<p>Genetic modification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final temperature for baking bread as mentioned?

<p>200 C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of enzymes in industrial processes?

<p>To act as biological catalysts for metabolic processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do proteases in biological washing powders function?

<p>They break down proteins into smaller, soluble molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of industrial enzyme is primarily used for extracting fruit juices?

<p>Pectinase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do industrial enzymes have over traditional heating methods?

<p>They are more affordable and reduce fuel costs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which industries are microbial enzymes commonly applied?

<p>Baking, brewing, dairy, and textiles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of breaking down pectin during fruit juice extraction?

<p>The juice becomes sweeter and clearer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme specifically helps in digesting fat molecules?

<p>Lipase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about enzymes is false?

<p>Enzymes are mainly sourced from animals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding biotechnology?

<p>Biotechnology can be applied to food production and medicine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common traditional biotechnology method used by early civilizations?

<p>Fermentation to make wine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do microorganisms play in traditional biotechnology?

<p>They assist in converting raw materials into useful products. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a modern biotechnology application?

<p>Breeding livestock through selective methods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between traditional and modern biotechnology?

<p>Modern biotechnology involves the manipulation of DNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a transgenic organism?

<p>An organism engineered to carry genes from another species. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is generally true about resolution in microscopy?

<p>Increased resolution provides greater detail in images. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a light microscope from an electron microscope?

<p>Electron microscopes provide higher magnification and resolution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biotechnology

A branch of applied biology that combines biological sciences with engineering technologies to use living systems for useful products or industrial processes.

Continuous Culture

A fermentation process where the fermenter is continuously run, adding fresh nutrients and harvesting products at the same time.

Enzymes

Protein molecules, acting as biological catalysts, speeding up metabolic processes in living things.

Traditional Biotechnology

Using living organisms (like bacteria, yeast) for things like making wine, cheese or bread – often done without knowing the science behind it.

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Modern Biotechnology

Using advanced scientific knowledge of biochemistry to manipulate living organisms for producing various products like medicines and chemicals, including gene transfer.

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Industrial Enzyme Use

Enzymes can be used in high-temperature/pressure situations without needing expensive fuel.

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Biological Washing Powders

Washing powders containing proteases and lipases to remove stains (e.g., blood, egg, grease).

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Transgenic organisms

Living things (plants or animals) that have had their genes modified by inserting genes from unrelated organisms.

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Genetic engineering

The process of modifying an organism's genes by moving genes from one organism to another.

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Proteases

Enzymes that break down protein molecules.

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Microorganisms

Tiny living organisms only visible with a microscope, like bacteria or yeast.

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Lipases

Enzymes that break down fat molecules.

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Pectinases

Enzymes that break down pectin to extract fruit juices.

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Gene transfer

Moving a gene from one organism to another.

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Herbicide Resistance

The ability of a plant to resist weed killers (herbicides).

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Pectin

A jelly-like substance between fruit cell walls that pectinases break down

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Prokaryotes

Microorganisms without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles (e.g., bacteria and archaea).

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Eukaryotes

Microorganisms with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles (e.g., protists, fungi).

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Biofuel Production

Using microorganisms (like yeasts) to create fuels from renewable resources like sugar cane or oilseeds.

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Yeast Fermentation

A process where yeast respires anaerobically (without oxygen) to make ethanol and carbon dioxide.

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Bread Making

A process using yeast fermentation to produce a leavened bread.

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Ethanol production from sugar

Using yeasts to ferment sugar to produce ethanol, which can then be mixed with petrol to create gasohol.

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Microbes in industry

Industrial processes that use microbes to produce products like food, drugs, and biofuels.

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Study Notes

Topic Subtitle

  • Biology is the study of living things, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. It's essential for mankind's understanding of nature and its impact.

Second Topic Subtitle

  • Biology is interdisciplinary, meaning it connects with many other sciences.

Third Topic Subtitle

  • Taxonomy is the scientific study of classifying and naming living organisms.

Fourth Topic Subtitle

  • Morphology and anatomy: studying the structure and form of organisms.

Fifth Topic Subtitle

  • Cytology: studying the structure and function of cells.

Sixth Topic Subtitle

  • Biophysics: applies physics to biological processes.

Seventh Topic Subtitle

  • Biochemistry: studies chemical substances and processes in cells and organisms.

Eighth Topic Subtitle

  • Biogeography: explores the distribution of plants and animals over the Earth.

Ninth Topic Subtitle

  • Biotechnology: applies biology to practical applications and technologies.

Tenth Topic Subtitle

  • Microscopy: a powerful tool for studying microscopic cells and organisms.

Eleventh Topic Subtitle

  • Light microscopes use light as a radiation source.
  • Electron microscopes use electrons.
  • TEM (transmission electron microscope) transmits electrons through thin sections of specimens to observe the internal structure.
  • SEM (scanning electron microscope) scans the surface of specimens with electrons to provide a three-dimensional view.

Twelfth Topic Subtitle

  • Importance of Biology: to protect nature, feed the starving, and create a better future.

Thirteenth Topic Subtitle

  • Biological classification: a hierarchical system organizing living things by similarities and differences.
  • Taxonomic groups: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya, Kingdom, Phylum/Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Fourteenth Topic Subtitle

  • Dichotomous keys are useful tools for organism classification based on easily identifiable traits.

Fifteenth Topic Subtitle

  • Magnification: enlarging the image of an object to make it more visible.
  • Resolution: the ability to distinguish between two closely situated objects.

Sixteenth Topic Subtitle

  • Biotechnology: using living things (microbes, etc.) to produce useful chemicals and products.
  • Traditional biotechnology:
  • Modern biotechnology: Genetic modification.
  • Uses: Food production, agriculture, environmental applications, medicine

Seventeenth Topic Subtitle

  • Fermentation and Fermenters
  • The process of production of ethanol through microbial action.
  • Fermenter is a vessel or structure used for microbial growth.

Eighteenth Topic Subtitle

  • Enzymes in industries -Biological washing powders: use enzymes to break down stains.
  • Extracting fruit juice: enzymes break down pectin.

Nineteenth Topic Subtitle

  • Review questions regarding various biological concepts covered in this textbook.

Twentieth Topic Subtitle

  • Concept Map: A visual representation of the connections and relationships between different biological topics, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and homeostasis.

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