Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of polysomes?

  • mRNA synthesis
  • Protein degradation
  • tRNA synthesis
  • Protein synthesis (correct)

Which antibiotic inhibits bacterial ribosomes without inhibiting human ribosomes?

  • Penicillin
  • Ampicillin
  • Streptomycin
  • Tetracycline (correct)

What is the characteristic of the prokaryotic chromosome?

  • Circular, surrounded by a nuclear membrane
  • Circular, not surrounded by a nuclear membrane (correct)
  • Linear, surrounded by a nuclear membrane
  • Linear, not surrounded by a nuclear membrane

What are plasmids?

<p>Small circular DNA molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of endospores?

<p>Survival under harsh conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the viruses that infect bacteria?

<p>Bacteriophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of frequent use of antibiotics?

<p>Development of resistance by microorganisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of bacteria towards or away from a chemical stimulus?

<p>Chemotaxis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure responsible for the motility of most bacteria?

<p>Flagella (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic movement of flagella in bacteria?

<p>Rotation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for bacteria that have a single flagellum at one end?

<p>Monotrichous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical size range of flagella in bacteria?

<p>3-12 μm long, 0.02 μm diameter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of endospores?

<p>To provide resistance to harsh environmental conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic reproduction?

<p>Long generation times (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of prokaryotic reproduction?

<p>Binary fission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of endospores?

<p>Survival in harsh conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of rapid evolution in prokaryotes?

<p>Development of antibiotic resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that forms during binary fission in prokaryotes?

<p>Cell plate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of bacteria is characterized by their ability to thrive in highly saline environments?

<p>Extreme halophiles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes?

<p>Obligate anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen, while facultative anaerobes are not (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which prokaryotes convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia?

<p>Nitrogen fixation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used to study the evolutionary relationships among prokaryotes?

<p>Molecular systematics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Archaea?

<p>Being able to metabolize oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the study of prokaryotes?

<p>To rapidly sequence prokaryotic genomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of transmission of Leptospira?

<p>Contaminated water and soil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is NOT a Gram-positive bacterium?

<p>Chlamydia trachomatis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of scarring of the fallopian tubes due to Chlamydia trachomatis infection?

<p>Infertility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is responsible for causing diphtheria?

<p>Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cyanobacteria?

<p>They generate oxygen by photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is NOT a result of a sexually transmitted disease?

<p>Lyme disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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