Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance

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What is the function of polysomes?

mRNA synthesis
Protein degradation
tRNA synthesis
Protein synthesis (correct)

Which antibiotic inhibits bacterial ribosomes without inhibiting human ribosomes?

Penicillin
Ampicillin
Streptomycin
Tetracycline (correct)

What is the characteristic of the prokaryotic chromosome?

Circular, surrounded by a nuclear membrane
Circular, not surrounded by a nuclear membrane (correct)
Linear, surrounded by a nuclear membrane
Linear, not surrounded by a nuclear membrane

What are plasmids?

Small circular DNA molecules (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of endospores?

Survival under harsh conditions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the viruses that infect bacteria?

Bacteriophages (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of frequent use of antibiotics?

Development of resistance by microorganisms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of bacteria towards or away from a chemical stimulus?

Chemotaxis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure responsible for the motility of most bacteria?

Flagella (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic movement of flagella in bacteria?

Rotation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for bacteria that have a single flagellum at one end?

Monotrichous (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical size range of flagella in bacteria?

3-12 μm long, 0.02 μm diameter (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of endospores?

To provide resistance to harsh environmental conditions (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic reproduction?

Long generation times (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of prokaryotic reproduction?

Binary fission (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of endospores?

Survival in harsh conditions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of rapid evolution in prokaryotes?

Development of antibiotic resistance (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that forms during binary fission in prokaryotes?

Cell plate (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of bacteria is characterized by their ability to thrive in highly saline environments?

Extreme halophiles (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes?

Obligate anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen, while facultative anaerobes are not (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which prokaryotes convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia?

Nitrogen fixation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used to study the evolutionary relationships among prokaryotes?

Molecular systematics (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Archaea?

Being able to metabolize oxygen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the study of prokaryotes?

To rapidly sequence prokaryotic genomes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of transmission of Leptospira?

Contaminated water and soil (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is NOT a Gram-positive bacterium?

Chlamydia trachomatis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of scarring of the fallopian tubes due to Chlamydia trachomatis infection?

Infertility (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is responsible for causing diphtheria?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cyanobacteria?

They generate oxygen by photosynthesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is NOT a result of a sexually transmitted disease?

Lyme disease (A) Signup and view all the answers