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Questions and Answers
Which of the following groups is known for having flattened vesicles beneath their cell membrane?
Which of the following groups is known for having flattened vesicles beneath their cell membrane?
- Rhizaria
- Excavata
- Alveolata (correct)
- Amoebozoa
All organisms in the Rhizaria lineage are multicellular.
All organisms in the Rhizaria lineage are multicellular.
False (B)
Name one parasitic group found within the Excavata lineage.
Name one parasitic group found within the Excavata lineage.
Trypanosoma
The organism responsible for causing 'ich' or 'ick' is called _________.
The organism responsible for causing 'ich' or 'ick' is called _________.
Match the following parasite species with their classification:
Match the following parasite species with their classification:
Which eukaryote lineage includes organisms like red algae?
Which eukaryote lineage includes organisms like red algae?
Phytomyxea are parasites that cause galls in plants.
Phytomyxea are parasites that cause galls in plants.
What structure is primarily associated with the Excavata lineage's mitochondria?
What structure is primarily associated with the Excavata lineage's mitochondria?
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Study Notes
Stramenopila-Alveolata-Rhizaria (SAR) Lineage
- Alveolata possess flattened vesicles beneath the cell membrane.
- Includes Apicomplexa, Ciliates, and Dinoflagellates.
- Many members cause human and animal diseases.
- For example, Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Balantidium coli, Ichthyophthirius multifilis and Pfiesteria piscicida
- Rhizaria includes mainly unicellular eukaryotes with pseudopods, some produce skeletons.
- Cercozoa, Foraminifera, Polycystinea, Phytomyxea, and Acetosporea are examples of Rhizaria.
- Haplosporidium nelsoni is a parasitic example that affects oysters.
Archaeplastida Lineage
- Includes Glaucophyta, Chloroplastida, and Rhodophycaea.
- Most groups are microscopic, unicellular freshwater algae.
- Some parasitic forms infect other algae.
Excavata Lineage
- Characterized by possessing a mitochondrion or a highly derived mitochondria.
- Many are parasitic and flagellated.
- Examples include Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Giardia, Histomonas, Trichomonas, and Dientamoeba.
Amoebozoa Lineage
- Move using pseudopodia.
- Includes Entamoeba histolytica, Endolimax, Acanthamoeba, and Balamuthia.
Opisthokonta Lineage
- Possess a posteriorly directed flagellum.
- Includes Fungi and Animalia.
- Kingdom Animalia encompasses mobile, multicellular heterotrophs.
- Approximately 36 animal phyla.
- Parasitism arose independently at least 60 times.
- Three major monophyletic clades:
- Deuterostomia: radial cleavage with anus forming first during development.
- Lophotrochozoa: protostome animals with radial cleavage with mouth forming first; trochophore larva or lophophore feeding apparatus.
- Ecdysozoa: protostome animals with tough outer cuticle shed by molting.
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