Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following elements is considered a macroelement necessary for microbial growth?
Which of the following elements is considered a macroelement necessary for microbial growth?
What distinguishes heterotrophs from autotrophs in terms of carbon source?
What distinguishes heterotrophs from autotrophs in terms of carbon source?
Which method of nutrient uptake does NOT require cellular energy?
Which method of nutrient uptake does NOT require cellular energy?
Which type of microorganism obtains energy from light?
Which type of microorganism obtains energy from light?
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Which growth factor is essential for some microorganisms but cannot be synthesized by them?
Which growth factor is essential for some microorganisms but cannot be synthesized by them?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding trace elements in microbial nutrition?
Which of the following statements is true regarding trace elements in microbial nutrition?
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What best describes the source of electrons for organotrophs?
What best describes the source of electrons for organotrophs?
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During nutrient uptake, how do high molecular-weight complex compounds mainly enter microbial cells?
During nutrient uptake, how do high molecular-weight complex compounds mainly enter microbial cells?
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What is the primary purpose of selective media?
What is the primary purpose of selective media?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of assay media?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of assay media?
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Which type of fermentation involves adding nutrients continuously to the bioreactor?
Which type of fermentation involves adding nutrients continuously to the bioreactor?
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What type of physical property does semi-solid media have?
What type of physical property does semi-solid media have?
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Which type of media is specifically designed to isolate certain bacterial species with functional abilities?
Which type of media is specifically designed to isolate certain bacterial species with functional abilities?
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Which statement best describes maintenance media?
Which statement best describes maintenance media?
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What distinguishes differential media from other types of culture media?
What distinguishes differential media from other types of culture media?
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In what type of fermentation are all bacterial cells physiologically identical at a given time?
In what type of fermentation are all bacterial cells physiologically identical at a given time?
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Study Notes
Microbial Nutrition
- Macronutrients are required in large quantities and include Fe, Ca, Mg, K, P, S, N, H, O, and C.
- Trace elements or microelements are required in small quantities and include Zn, Co, Mo, Ni, Cu, and I.
- Growth factors are required in very small amounts and include vitamins, amino acids, and nucleic acid components.
- Autotrophs use CO2 as their carbon source.
- Heterotrophs use organic compounds as their carbon source.
- Phototrophs obtain energy from light.
- Chemotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of organic or mineral compounds.
- Lithotrophs use inorganic molecules for their electron source.
- Organotrophs use organic molecules as their electron source.
- High molecular weight compounds such as cellulose, proteins, and fats must be broken down by extracellular enzymes.
- Low molecular weight compounds are transported through the cytoplasmic membrane.
- Simple diffusion does not require energy and is regulated by the concentration gradient.
- Facilitated diffusion employs protein carriers (permeases) located in the plasma membrane and does not require energy.
- Active transport uses active transporter enzymes and requires cellular energy.
- Enriched media is used to promote the growth of fastidious microorganisms.
- Selective media inhibits the growth of specific microorganisms by using specific chemicals.
- Differential media helps differentiate between different species.
- Assay media is used to measure the production of vitamins or antibiotics.
- Enumeration media is used to count bacterial populations.
- Characterization media is used to isolate bacteria with specific functional abilities.
- Maintenance media is used to preserve bacterial colonies.
- Solid media contains 1.5-2.0% agar.
- Semi-solid media contains 0.2-0.5% agar.
- Liquid media does not contain any solidifying agents.
- Batch fermentation is a closed system.
- Continuous fermentation is an open system with continuous addition of sterile nutrients and removal of spent medium.
- Synchronous growth occurs when all cells in a population are in the same stage of the cell division cycle.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in microbial nutrition, including macronutrients, trace elements, and growth factors essential for microbial growth. It also distinguishes between different types of organisms based on their sources of carbon and energy. Test your understanding of these fundamental topics in microbiology!
