week11 part 2
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of capsule in microbial strategies?

  • Facilitate genetic recombination
  • Promote rapid cell division
  • Aid adhesion and provide protection against phagocytosis (correct)
  • Enhance energy production

    • Which component of Streptococcus pyogenes resists phagocytosis?

  • Ribosomal RNA
  • M protein (correct)
  • Cell wall polysaccharides
  • Capsule

    • How do some pathogens evade host defenses related to antigenic variation?

  • By increasing their metabolic rate
  • By inhibiting host cell apoptosis
  • By altering their surface antigens through activating alternative genes (correct)
  • By forming biofilms on host tissues

    • What leads to antigenic shift in influenza viruses?

    <p>Simultaneous infection of a cell with two different influenza viruses resulting in mixing of genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of coagulase in pathogen invasion?

    <p>Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin to protect pathogen from phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of siderophores in pathogen growth?

    <p>Allow bacteria to take up host iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some pathogens produce enzymes like hyaluronidase and collagenase?

    <p>To break down host tissues and promote the spread of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage do intracellular bacteria gain by entering host cells?

    <p>Controlled environment, nutrient supply, protection from immune system and antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for pathogens to multiply after adherence?

    <p>To have sufficient numbers to damage the host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of invasion facilitated by enzymes like hyaluronidase and collagenase?

    <p>To break down host tissues and facilitate growth and spread of the pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Strep. pneumoniae's M protein aids in phagocytosis resistance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mycobacterium tuberculosis's mycolic acid resists digestion by phagocytes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Influenza virus uses antigenic drift to create small antigenic changes over time.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antigenic shift in influenza viruses occurs when two different viruses are mixed in a cell.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pathogens may not produce virulence factors until sufficient numbers are present

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Free iron is high in humans and readily available to microorganisms

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Siderophores allow bacteria to take up host iron

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Collagenase breaks down collagen network supporting tissues and promotes spread of infection

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some pathogens enter directly inside host cells to gain advantages

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria regulate their environment by expressing specific genes and live inside their own vacuole

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Invasins are enzymes that break down host tissues to facilitate pathogen spread

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Salmonella alters the host actin to enter host cells

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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