22 Questions
What is the function of capsule in microbial strategies?
Aid adhesion and provide protection against phagocytosis
Which component of Streptococcus pyogenes resists phagocytosis?
M protein
How do some pathogens evade host defenses related to antigenic variation?
By altering their surface antigens through activating alternative genes
What leads to antigenic shift in influenza viruses?
Simultaneous infection of a cell with two different influenza viruses resulting in mixing of genes
What is the function of coagulase in pathogen invasion?
Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin to protect pathogen from phagocytosis
What is the role of siderophores in pathogen growth?
Allow bacteria to take up host iron
Why do some pathogens produce enzymes like hyaluronidase and collagenase?
To break down host tissues and promote the spread of infection
What advantage do intracellular bacteria gain by entering host cells?
Controlled environment, nutrient supply, protection from immune system and antibiotics
What is the primary reason for pathogens to multiply after adherence?
To have sufficient numbers to damage the host
What is the purpose of invasion facilitated by enzymes like hyaluronidase and collagenase?
To break down host tissues and facilitate growth and spread of the pathogen
Strep. pneumoniae's M protein aids in phagocytosis resistance.
False
Mycobacterium tuberculosis's mycolic acid resists digestion by phagocytes.
True
Influenza virus uses antigenic drift to create small antigenic changes over time.
True
Antigenic shift in influenza viruses occurs when two different viruses are mixed in a cell.
True
Pathogens may not produce virulence factors until sufficient numbers are present
True
Free iron is high in humans and readily available to microorganisms
False
Siderophores allow bacteria to take up host iron
True
Collagenase breaks down collagen network supporting tissues and promotes spread of infection
True
Some pathogens enter directly inside host cells to gain advantages
True
Bacteria regulate their environment by expressing specific genes and live inside their own vacuole
True
Invasins are enzymes that break down host tissues to facilitate pathogen spread
False
Salmonella alters the host actin to enter host cells
True
Test your knowledge on microbial strategies to avoid host defenses, invade tissues, and enter host cells. Learn about capsule formation, cell wall components, and their role in virulence.
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