Microbial Infection and Antiinfectives
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Questions and Answers

What is the defining characteristic to classify bacteria as aerobes?

  • They are eukaryotic organisms
  • They are circular/spherical in shape
  • They require oxygen for life (correct)
  • They do not require oxygen for life

    • Which of the following is a characteristic used to classify bacteria based on shape?

  • Presence of yeast and molds
  • Living and feeding on other organisms
  • O2 requirements
  • Spiral shape (correct)

    • What is the defining characteristic to classify bacteria as gram-negative?

  • Ability to replicate inside living cells
  • Classified through the gram stain procedure (correct)
  • They are classified as diplo, strept, or staphyl
  • Their response to antibiotics

    • Which term describes bacteria that form a chain grouping?

    <p>Strept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic that distinguishes fungi from bacteria?

    <p>Living off other organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes parasites?

    <p>Live on or in another organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of action of sulfonamides as antibiotics?

    <p>Antimetabolite action that disrupts critical reactions inside the bacterial cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes antibiotics that limit or slow the growth of bacteria without killing them?

    <p>Bacteriostatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are antibiotics ineffective against viral, parasitic, or fungal infections?

    <p>They only target bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic group was one of the earliest used and includes sulfamethoxazole combined with trimethoprim (e.g., sulfatrim, Septra)?

    <p>Sulfonamides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of human cells makes them unaffected by sulfonamides' action on folic acid synthesis?

    <p>They have exogenous folic acid sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibiotics kill bacteria rather than limiting or slowing their growth?

    <p>Bactericidal antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Penicillin antibiotics?

    <p>Interferes with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of bacteria are Natural penicillins not able to kill effectively?

    <p>Gram-negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main nursing implication regarding the administration of Penicillin antibiotics?

    <p>Monitor for superinfections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common adverse effect of Penicillin antibiotics?

    <p>Urticaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Cephalosporins relate to Penicillin antibiotics?

    <p>They inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis like Penicillins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable characteristic of Extended Spectrum penicillins compared to Natural penicillins?

    <p>They possess a broader coverage of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic?

    <p>Cefepime (Maxipime)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of cephalosporin antibiotics?

    <p>Penicillin allergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse effect associated with the use of cephalosporin antibiotics?

    <p>Nephrotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about carbapenems is true?

    <p>They are the broadest-spectrum antibiotics available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect associated with the use of carbapenems?

    <p>Drug-induced seizure activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the administration of carbapenems is true?

    <p>They must be infused over 60 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adverse effects is NOT associated with vancomycin?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nursing implications is INCORRECT for vancomycin administration?

    <p>Administer vancomycin rapidly to reduce flushing and hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the assessment phase of the nursing process for antibiotic therapy, which of the following should NOT be assessed?

    <p>Patient's preference for intravenous or oral antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following goals is NOT appropriate for the planning phase of the nursing process for antibiotic therapy?

    <p>Patient will achieve complete eradication of all bacteria in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the implementation phase of the nursing process for antibiotic therapy, which of the following interventions is INCORRECT?

    <p>Administer oral antibiotics at the same time as antacids or iron supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case study provided, what additional information is needed to evaluate Rahul's antibiotic therapy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

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