Microbial Growth and Requirements Quiz

Proteins = Nitrogen and sulfur Nucleic acids = Nitrogen and phosphorus Sulfur-containing amino acids = Sulfur Nucleotides = Phosphorus

Micronutrients = Chemicals required by microbes in small quantities Inorganic enzyme cofactors = Iron, copper, zinc Organic growth factors = Vitamins A & D Culture Media = Preparation for microbial growth

Obligate aerobes = Require oxygen to survive Obligate anaerobes = Cannot survive in the presence of oxygen Facultative anaerobes = Can survive with or without oxygen Microaerophiles = Require reduced levels of oxygen

<p>Solid (agar) media = Used for microbial growth with visible colonies Liquid (broth) media = Used for microbial growth without solidification Nutrient agar = Visible colonies on solid media Nutrient broth = Growth in liquid media without solidification</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins = Energy source for heterotrophs Nucleic acids = Contain genetic information for cells Iron, copper, zinc = Act as enzyme cofactors Vitamins A &amp; D = Organic growth factors for microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimum growth temperature = The lowest temperature at which a microbe can grow Maximum growth temperature = The highest temperature at which a microbe can grow Optimum growth temperature = The temperature at which a microbe grows best Temperature Preferences of Some Microbes = Categories like Psychrophiles, Mesophiles, Thermophiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pH of Environment = Measure of acidity or alkalinity where microbes grow Bacteria = Microbes that prefer neutral pH levels Molds and yeasts = Microbes that thrive in acidic environments Acidophiles = Microbes that can survive in highly acidic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the osmotic pressure is not equal inside and outside the cell = Cell will shrink or swell and eventually die Halophiles = Microbes that can survive in high salt environments by balancing osmotic pressure Cells in an isotonic solution = Ideal condition for cell survival due to balanced osmotic pressure Cells capable of producing positively-charged solutes inside = Able to balance out external osmotic pressure and survive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macronutrients = Chemicals required by microbes in large quantities Micronutrients = Chemicals required by microbes in small amounts Carbon and Nitrogen = Important elements used by microbes for energy production and metabolism Phosphorus = One of the essential macronutrients needed by microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Why do microbes need carbon? = To produce energy Where does the carbon come from? = CO2 for autotrophs is a source of carbon for energy production Nitrogen = An important element needed by microbes along with carbon for various functions Chemical elements used by microbes = Includes Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorus as essential nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inoculum = Introduction of microbes into a medium Culture = Microbes growing in or on a culture medium Pure culture = Contains only one species seen on solid agar plate Colony = Population of cells from a single cell or from a group of attached cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemically Defined Media = Exact chemical composition is known Complex Media = Chemical composition varies from batch to batch Reducing Media = All available O2 removed for growth of anaerobic bacteria Selective Media = Suppress unwanted microbes and encourage growth of desired microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial Division = Increase in number of cells, not cell size Generation Time = Time required for a cell to divide (to double) Direct Measurements = Counting methods like plate count and direct microscopic count Indirect Measurements = Methods like turbidity and metabolic activity, not counting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streak Plate Method = Used to isolate pure bacterial cultures Plaque-forming unit (PFU) = Formed in viral growth to represent viral plaques Enrichment Media = Considered a non-selective medium stimulating growth of many different bacterial species Plate Counts = Follows steps like plate count, filtration method, and direct microscopic count</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differential Media = Allow differentiation between bacteria within the same group Enrichment Media = Stimulate growth of many different types of bacterial species Complex Media = Chemical composition varies from batch to batch Selective Media = Suppress unwanted microbes and encourage growth of desired microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colony-forming unit (CFU) = A colony representing a population of cells from a single cell or from a group of attached cells Viral Plaque = Formed in viral growth to represent viral plaques Generation Time = Time required for a cell to divide (to double) Bacterial Growth Curve = A representation showing the stages of bacterial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers